Not relying on pesticides, relying on ecology to cultivate natural enemies to kill pests

In Siping Village, Tangxi Town, Jinhua City, 66-year-old Dai Tiande has been planting rice for more than 50 years.
At the most, his rice fields are more than 1,000 mu
.
"Now at night, the frogs in my field
bark very loudly .
" Dai Tiande said
.
"The fragrance of Daohua says good harvest, and listen to the sound of frogs
.
" This wonderful scene is rarely seen now
.
Dai Tiande's rice fields are also featured in the sub-issue "Nature plants" of the British "Nature" magazine for ecological planting
.
One of the papers called "Multi-Country Joint Research Prove: Crop Diversity Can Improve the Stability of Rice Field Ecosystem" is the result of more than 20 experts and 4 years of research in 3 countries.
Jinhua selected them.
One of the 3test plots
.
In recent years, the increasingly rampant pests such as rice planthoppers, rice leaf rollers and Chilo suppressalis have caused devastating disasters to rice production and caused huge losses to farmers
.
How to effectively control pests and diseases and restore the natural control ability of rice fields? "By increasing the biodiversity of the rice field ecosystem and improving the natural control ability of natural enemies, the population of rice planthoppers can be effectively controlled, the use of pesticides can be reduced by 70%, and the economic benefit can be increased by 7.
5%
.
" The first joint paper The author, said Lu Zhongxian, a researcher at the Institute of Plant Protection and Microbiology, Provincial Academy of Agricultural Sciences
.
The key to blindly using medicines and pests to solve the global food security problem is to continuously improve crop productivity to meet people's growing food demand
.
However, the existing food production system mainly relies on high input of chemical fertilizers and pesticides to achieve high yields, which not only seriously threatens ecological security and human health, but also causes frequent outbreaks of pests and diseases
.
At present, the most serious pests to the rice fields in Zhejiang are mainly the brown planthopper, the white-backed planthopper, the rice planthopper, the Chilo suppressalis and the rice leaf roller
.
"The Chilo suppressalis overwintering in Zhejiang, the larvae will eat into the stalks of
rice and eat them cleanly .
Rice planthoppers and Cnaphalocrocis medinalis are'migratory pests' that live through the winter in Southeast Asia and reach rice production.
The seasons are flying in and destroying, causing'flying disasters' to the rice fields.

.
"Lv Zhongxian said that after 2005, rice planthoppers have been raging for many years, and the outbreaks of rice leaf rollers in 2007 and 2008 are directly related to the reduction of natural enemies caused by the abuse of pesticides and the resistance of pests
.
" Studies have shown that Because of the continuous use of pesticides for many years, the resistance of pests has risen rapidly, some hundreds of times, or even thousands of times
.
"The ecosystem itself has a certain ability to regulate and control the number of pests
.
The abuse of pesticides kills all the pests and natural enemies in the paddy fields, destroys the'immune system' of the paddy fields, and loses the ecological balance.
Once pests invade, they will increase exponentially
.
At this time, farmers tend to blindly increase the amount of pesticides, causing resistance and pests to become rampant, resulting in a vicious circle
.
"Lv Zhongxian believes that it is imminent to change this status quo
.
"Biodiversity can provide agriculture with necessary ecological service functions, such as the control of crop diseases and insect pests, but biodiversity and its ecological service functions have been severely affected in the current agricultural production system.
Weakening or even devastating destruction, how to protect and restore biodiversity, is a serious challenge for agricultural systems that aim at high yields
.
"Lv Zhongxian said
.
How to raise natural enemies and kill insects to increase biodiversity and restore the vitality of rice fields? Generally speaking, it is to protect and nurture the natural enemies of pests by artificially retaining and planting some plants to build a harmonious ecosystem to achieve this.
The goal of sustainable agricultural development
.
To this end, under the unified coordination of Dr.
Heong KL of the International Rice Research Institute (IRRI), scientists from many countries have carried out 4 consecutive years of multi-site regional experiments in China, Thailand and Vietnam.
The content is in rice fields.
Nectar plants are planted around the ridge and surrounding areas
.
“We found in 22 plant flowers tested that sesame flowers can effectively lengthen the rice lice, Trichogramma yellow, Cotesia chinensis, Cotesia chinensis, and Cotesia chinensis.
The lifespan of natural enemies such as black shoulder bugs, to improve their ability to control rice planthoppers, Chilo suppressalis and rice leaf rollers
.
Chen Guihua, director of the Jinhua City Plant Protection Station, said, “Experiments in Jinhua show that planting sesame on the ridge can significantly increase the abundance of predatory and parasitic natural enemies of rice pests, reducing the use of chemical pesticides by 3 times and the use of pesticides.
The effect of reducing the amount of rice by 80%, which also makes the pesticide residues of rice reach the standard of pollution-free agricultural products
.
"According to the actual situation in various countries, Thailand is planting loofah and legumes, and Vietnam is planting compositae
.
Experts have analyzed the data of each test site for 4 consecutive years and concluded that it can increase crop diversity by comparing it with farmers’ self-controlled rice fields.
Based on ecological engineering measures, while ensuring no significant difference in rice yields, it can effectively control the population of rice planthoppers, reduce the use of pesticides by 70%, and increase economic benefits by 7.
5%
.
Ecologically planted rice flowers are more fragrant except in Planting sesame in the field has a complete set of ecological control techniques to restore biodiversity
.
For example, planting flowering plants in batches at certain time intervals on the ridge, leaving grass flowers and sowing grass flowers on the field, the purpose is to protect the natural enemies of pests; implement the field Measures such as leaving grass on the side, planting green manure in winter, and intercropping Zizania spp.
to protect the biodiversity of the paddy field, provide alternative hosts, food and shelter for natural enemies of pests, and keep the population of natural enemies of pests stable; maintain a stable water surface and stock them in flower-arranged rice fields.
Conserve frogs; plant vetiver grass on the roadside and ditch in the rice area to trap the stem borer; release parasitic wasps in the field to control the Chilo suppressalis and the rice leaf roller
.
"Jinhua is an important rice production area, and it is very important to choose to carry out experiments here.
Typical meaning
.
"Chen Guihua said that as early as 2006, Siping Village successfully established the world's first experimental demonstration base for applying ecological engineering to control rice pests, aiming to reduce the use of chemical pesticides by restoring the service functions of the farmland ecosystem
.
I have calculated an account for the demonstration area of ​​the grain production base in Tangxi Town, Wucheng District, and calculated the output of rice, sesame, soybeans, etc.
, and the economic benefit per mu has reached more than 2,700 yuan
.
At present, this technology has radiated the surrounding Tangxi Town, Over 60,000 mu of rice in Bailongqiao Town, Yangbu Town and Jiangtang Town
.
? Dai Tiande said that after using this technology, although more effort is needed to plant insect-trapping plants and sesame seeds, which increases labor costs, compared with the past, it can save a lot of medication costs, and the rice produced in this way suffers.
The market welcomes and the economic benefits are greatly improved
.
"Now, the most expensive green rice grown in this ecological experimental field can be sold at a high price of 40 yuan per kilogram
.
" Dai Tiande said triumphantly
.
"Crop diversity promotes the stability of the agricultural ecosystem, which not only makes agricultural products safer, but also maintains ecological balance, which has great social value
.
" Lu Zhongxian said
.
At present, this rice pest ecological engineering control technology has been listed as the main promotion technology by the Ministry of Agriculture.
It is used in some regions such as Guizhou, Hunan, Jiangxi, Shanghai and some counties in Zhejiang, including Jinhua, Lishui, Ningbo, Taizhou, Quzhou, Jiaxing and Hangzhou ( City) Demonstration and promotion
.