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The median age of onset is 36 years old, and the lung toxicity is declining.
Authors | Yan Xiaoliu Source | The "Medical Community" public account first announced in South Africa when the mutant strain of Omi Keron swept the world: "Cancel curfew" and other epidemic prevention measures
.
South African scientists took the lead in the world to report and discover Ome Keron
.
Since then, the strain has spread widely, causing the number of infections in countries such as the United Kingdom, France and the United States to continue to hit new highs, and many countries have tightened public health measures
.
But now, "all indicators indicate that South Africa has passed the fourth wave of the epidemic at the national level
.
" The number of new cases and hospitalizations in the provinces has decreased
.
At the same time, the fourth wave of the epidemic did not cause a significant increase in the death toll
.
Farid Abdullah, Director of the Office of AIDS and Tuberculosis Research of the South African Medical Research Council (SAMRC), posted on social media "Twitter" that the current round of the epidemic came and went fast, and was not as severe as the mutant strain Delta.
.
"It only took 4 weeks to reach the peak, and there was a sharp drop in the next 2 weeks
.
" In the third month of Omi Keron's appearance, scientific research also frequently appeared in the news
.
Some studies from different medical systems, different countries, and different ethnic groups have found clinical manifestations such as younger and milder symptoms of Omi Keron infection
.
Infected people are younger.
On December 30, 2021, JAMA is the first to publish the first peer-reviewed retrospective study on clinical manifestations of Omi Keron infected people
.
This article was completed by Netcare, a consortium of private medical institutions in South Africa
.
Research points out that South Africa has experienced 4 waves of epidemics from 2020 to now
.
Including: the first wave, from June to August 2020, the original strain was the main epidemic strain; the second wave, from November 2020 to January 2021, the mutant strain Beta came from behind and became the main epidemic strain; the third wave, From May to September 2021, the mutant strain Delta won, causing a pandemic; the fourth wave, after November 15, 2021, with the detection of the mutant strain Omi Keron, the number of infections surged again
.
Based on the progress of the epidemic, Netcare researchers extracted data at the peak of admission in each wave of epidemics, and focused on analyzing the conditions of hospitalized patients in the third and fourth waves
.
The results showed that in the peak period of Omikeron infection, the infected were generally younger, with a median age of only 36 years, and most of them were women
.
In the third wave of the epidemic dominated by the mutant strain delta, the median age of the infected person was 59 years old, which was the "oldest" among the four waves
.
Earlier, SSRN released a study on the preprint of The Lancet, which also suggested that Omi Keron may be more dangerous to young people
.
The study analyzed 18817 Omi Keron who tested positive and admitted to the hospital, and found that 1151 were 20 years old and younger, accounting for 17.
68%
.
During the peak period of delta transmission, 3.
8% (161/4,217) were infected and hospitalized in the same age group
.
In addition to age characteristics, the symptoms of infection are mild, and the above-mentioned studies have focused on the virulence of Omi Keron
.
The WHO has previously issued a warning that the superposition of Delta and Omi Keron variants will cause a "tsunami" of infection, which will overwhelm the medical and health systems of various countries
.
However, data from the South African Ministry of Health show that Omi Keron has become the main local epidemic strain, causing a sharp increase in the number of hospital admissions, but the growth rate is far less than expected
.
Compared with the first wave of the outbreak in South Africa, the odds of Omikeron being admitted to the hospital are about 30% lower
.
South Africa's new crown pneumonia data table from March 6, 2020 to mid-December 2021
.
The gray is the number of hospitalizations diagnosed with COVID-19; the black curve is the number of new infections; the red curve is the number of hospital deaths
.
/SSRN In the JAMA article, the researchers further analyzed the prognosis of the inpatients and found that multiple data support "decreased virulence"
.
First of all, the hospitalization rate and the average length of stay were significantly reduced
.
In the first three waves of the epidemic, 68%-69% of the infected people will be admitted to the hospital
.
By the fourth wave of the epidemic, the admission rate dropped to 41.
3%
.
At the same time, the median length of hospital stay for people infected with Omikeron has dropped to 3 days from the previous 7-8 days
.
Second, the rate of oxygen inhalation and mechanically assisted ventilation decreased
.
In particular, the latter has dropped from 12.
4% during the third wave of epidemic to 1.
6% now
.
Thirdly, the complications of infected patients have been significantly reduced, and the fatality rate has dropped sharply
.
When Delta is the main epidemic strain, 29.
9% of patients need to be transferred to intensive care, and the case fatality rate is 29.
1%
.
After the Omi Keron pandemic, the ICU rate of infected persons was 18.
5%, and the case fatality rate was 2.
7%
.
The research on the preprint of The Lancet also makes a similar statement
.
Researchers said that in the fourth wave of the epidemic, 28.
8% of hospitalized cases were severe
.
In the second wave and the third wave, the severe illness rates were 60.
1% and 66.
9%, respectively
.
On January 1, 2022, Houston Methodist, one of the largest medical systems in Texas, the United States, also uploaded a paper on the clinical manifestations of Omi Keron on the preprint platform medRxiv.
The conclusion is the same as that of South Africa’s Netcare published on JAMA.
Almost the same: it is observed that infected persons are significantly younger, have shorter hospital stays, require fewer respiratory support, and are less severely ill
.
The dawn of the end of the epidemic is beginning? At the beginning of Omi Keron's appearance, the medical and scientific circles were concerned mainly because the mutant strain carried a large number of mutations, which were all located on the spike protein
.
This makes the virus more infectious
.
A study in South Africa suggested that the reinfection rate of Omi Keron was three times higher than that of other strains
.
Fortunately, Omi Keron's virulence seems to be weakening
.
Related research and analysis say that this may be the result of a combination of multiple factors
.
First, including some animal models, the lung toxicity of Omi Keron has decreased
.
According to a study by Imperial College in the UK, it seems to be more likely to infect the upper respiratory tract, especially the susceptible nasal mucosa
.
It is no longer as easy to infect the lungs as the earlier strains such as Delta
.
A Japanese-US joint preprint study showed that experimental mice infected with Omi Keron had less lung damage
.
Another study in Belgium also reached a similar conclusion
.
In addition, Hong Kong, China, used lung tissue samples collected from patients with COVID-19 during the operation to conduct research and found that Kiron Omi grew at a slower rate in these samples than other strains
.
This may mean that the severe rate of Omi Keron infection has decreased
.
But because the virus replicates more frequently in the upper respiratory tract, it also makes it easier to spread
.
Second, Bloomberg quoted research saying that T cells and B cells, the second line of defense of the immune system, can still recognize and attack Omi Keron
.
"Virus" published an article on January 2, 2022 that the Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, China, and the University of Melbourne, Australia, have worked together to analyze more than 1,500 new coronavirus protein gene fragments, which can be recognized by T cells produced by patients who have recovered from the new coronavirus and vaccinated
.
The results showed that Omi Keron could hardly escape the attack of T cell immune response through mutation
.
This shows that the T cell immune response produced by vaccination or natural infection can still protect the human body from severe illness
.
Austrian McCormick Rong or "new epidemic" WHO concerns, the South African study may not have the "Global informative"
.
This is related to the demographic structure of South Africa
.
"The population of South Africa is relatively young, with a median age of 27.
6 years
.
The
United Kingdom is 40.
5 years old
.
Therefore, the Ome Keron epidemic experienced by South Africa may be different from that of countries with aging populations
.
" The BBC reported
.
Second, the vaccination rate in South Africa is relatively low.
Only 26% of the population is fully vaccinated, and the vaccination rate for people over 60 years old is the highest, reaching 58.
4%; followed by 40-59 years old (54.
3%) and 20-39 years old (31.
7).
%)
.
The preprint study of The Lancet stated that during the study period, only 5.
8% of children under 20 had received the new crown vaccine
.
This may be the reason why young people in this country are more susceptible to Omi Keron
.
The prevalence of chronic underlying diseases in young people is low.
Even if they are infected, the severity and progress of the disease will be significantly better than those in the elderly
.
"The New York Times" popular science writer Karl Zimmer also agrees that Ome Keron's clinical manifestations are lighter
.
However, due to its rapid spread and strong infectious power, this will cause more infections
.
Therefore, even if the rate of severe illness is low, it may put tremendous pressure on the medical system
.
He also pointed out that the popularity of Omi Keron is more like a "new trend
.
"
The incubation period is extremely short, and the patient will soon have clinical manifestations after infection
.
From a public health perspective, if people infected with Omi Keron can be quarantined quickly after they develop symptoms, the epidemic can be more effectively alleviated
.
However, up to now, many countries such as the United Kingdom and the United States have updated their epidemic prevention strategies, shortening or even canceling some quarantine requirements
.
In the United States, close contacts who have been vaccinated at full doses and have no symptoms do not need to be quarantined, but must wear a mask when performing daily activities for 10 consecutive days
.
The "Wall Street Journal" also warned that the European and American countries that are fighting Omi Keron may not be able to reproduce the experience of South Africa
.
In addition to age composition, natural infections, etc.
, we must also pay attention to seasonal factors
.
"South Africa is in the summer, and the new crown virus tends to spread more easily in winter-this is the current situation that Europe and the United States are experiencing
.
Early signals of significantly increased vaccine breakthrough, decreased hospitalization rates, and less severe disease in patients with COVID-19 caused by the Omicron variant of SARS-CoV-2 in Houston, Texas.
medRxiv.
doi.
org/10.
1101/2021.
12.
30.
21268560 : The first essay in the medical world.
Image source: WHO responsible editor: Zheng Huaju.
Proofreader: Zang Hengjia.
Plate-making: Xue Jiao’s wonderful review of "Omi Keron" in the past month.
What happened in this world? The Omi Keron mutant has invaded our country, can it be prevented after a booster shot? A total of 1573 cases have been confirmed in this round of the epidemic in Xi’an, and the imported dragon fruit from many places in Jinhua tested positive.
)’S accuracy and completeness, etc.
, make any promises and guarantees, and assume no responsibility for the outdated content and the possible inaccuracy or incompleteness of the cited information.
21268560 Source: First essay from the medical community Image source: WHO editor: Zheng Huaju Proofreader: Zang Hengjia Plate-making: Xue Jiao’s wonderful review of "Omi Keron" in the past month, what happened in this world? The Omi Keron mutant has invaded our country, can it be prevented after a booster shot? A total of 1573 cases have been confirmed in this round of the epidemic in Xi’an, and the imported dragon fruit from many places in Jinhua tested positive.
)’S accuracy and completeness, etc.
, make any promises and guarantees, and assume no responsibility for the outdated content and the possible inaccuracy or incompleteness of the cited information.
21268560 Source: First essay from the medical community Image source: WHO editor: Zheng Huaju Proofreader: Zang Hengjia Plate-making: Xue Jiao’s wonderful review of "Omi Keron" in the past month, what happened in this world? The Omi Keron mutant has invaded our country, can it be prevented after a booster shot? A total of 1573 cases have been confirmed in this round of the epidemic in Xi’an, and the imported dragon fruit from many places in Jinhua tested positive.
)’S accuracy and completeness, etc.
, make any promises and guarantees, and assume no responsibility for the outdated content and the possible inaccuracy or incompleteness of the cited information.
.
Relevant parties are requested to check separately when adopting or using this as a basis for decision-making
.
Authors | Yan Xiaoliu Source | The "Medical Community" public account first announced in South Africa when the mutant strain of Omi Keron swept the world: "Cancel curfew" and other epidemic prevention measures
.
South African scientists took the lead in the world to report and discover Ome Keron
.
Since then, the strain has spread widely, causing the number of infections in countries such as the United Kingdom, France and the United States to continue to hit new highs, and many countries have tightened public health measures
.
But now, "all indicators indicate that South Africa has passed the fourth wave of the epidemic at the national level
.
" The number of new cases and hospitalizations in the provinces has decreased
.
At the same time, the fourth wave of the epidemic did not cause a significant increase in the death toll
.
Farid Abdullah, Director of the Office of AIDS and Tuberculosis Research of the South African Medical Research Council (SAMRC), posted on social media "Twitter" that the current round of the epidemic came and went fast, and was not as severe as the mutant strain Delta.
.
"It only took 4 weeks to reach the peak, and there was a sharp drop in the next 2 weeks
.
" In the third month of Omi Keron's appearance, scientific research also frequently appeared in the news
.
Some studies from different medical systems, different countries, and different ethnic groups have found clinical manifestations such as younger and milder symptoms of Omi Keron infection
.
Infected people are younger.
On December 30, 2021, JAMA is the first to publish the first peer-reviewed retrospective study on clinical manifestations of Omi Keron infected people
.
This article was completed by Netcare, a consortium of private medical institutions in South Africa
.
Research points out that South Africa has experienced 4 waves of epidemics from 2020 to now
.
Including: the first wave, from June to August 2020, the original strain was the main epidemic strain; the second wave, from November 2020 to January 2021, the mutant strain Beta came from behind and became the main epidemic strain; the third wave, From May to September 2021, the mutant strain Delta won, causing a pandemic; the fourth wave, after November 15, 2021, with the detection of the mutant strain Omi Keron, the number of infections surged again
.
Based on the progress of the epidemic, Netcare researchers extracted data at the peak of admission in each wave of epidemics, and focused on analyzing the conditions of hospitalized patients in the third and fourth waves
.
The results showed that in the peak period of Omikeron infection, the infected were generally younger, with a median age of only 36 years, and most of them were women
.
In the third wave of the epidemic dominated by the mutant strain delta, the median age of the infected person was 59 years old, which was the "oldest" among the four waves
.
Earlier, SSRN released a study on the preprint of The Lancet, which also suggested that Omi Keron may be more dangerous to young people
.
The study analyzed 18817 Omi Keron who tested positive and admitted to the hospital, and found that 1151 were 20 years old and younger, accounting for 17.
68%
.
During the peak period of delta transmission, 3.
8% (161/4,217) were infected and hospitalized in the same age group
.
In addition to age characteristics, the symptoms of infection are mild, and the above-mentioned studies have focused on the virulence of Omi Keron
.
The WHO has previously issued a warning that the superposition of Delta and Omi Keron variants will cause a "tsunami" of infection, which will overwhelm the medical and health systems of various countries
.
However, data from the South African Ministry of Health show that Omi Keron has become the main local epidemic strain, causing a sharp increase in the number of hospital admissions, but the growth rate is far less than expected
.
Compared with the first wave of the outbreak in South Africa, the odds of Omikeron being admitted to the hospital are about 30% lower
.
South Africa's new crown pneumonia data table from March 6, 2020 to mid-December 2021
.
The gray is the number of hospitalizations diagnosed with COVID-19; the black curve is the number of new infections; the red curve is the number of hospital deaths
.
/SSRN In the JAMA article, the researchers further analyzed the prognosis of the inpatients and found that multiple data support "decreased virulence"
.
First of all, the hospitalization rate and the average length of stay were significantly reduced
.
In the first three waves of the epidemic, 68%-69% of the infected people will be admitted to the hospital
.
By the fourth wave of the epidemic, the admission rate dropped to 41.
3%
.
At the same time, the median length of hospital stay for people infected with Omikeron has dropped to 3 days from the previous 7-8 days
.
Second, the rate of oxygen inhalation and mechanically assisted ventilation decreased
.
In particular, the latter has dropped from 12.
4% during the third wave of epidemic to 1.
6% now
.
Thirdly, the complications of infected patients have been significantly reduced, and the fatality rate has dropped sharply
.
When Delta is the main epidemic strain, 29.
9% of patients need to be transferred to intensive care, and the case fatality rate is 29.
1%
.
After the Omi Keron pandemic, the ICU rate of infected persons was 18.
5%, and the case fatality rate was 2.
7%
.
The research on the preprint of The Lancet also makes a similar statement
.
Researchers said that in the fourth wave of the epidemic, 28.
8% of hospitalized cases were severe
.
In the second wave and the third wave, the severe illness rates were 60.
1% and 66.
9%, respectively
.
On January 1, 2022, Houston Methodist, one of the largest medical systems in Texas, the United States, also uploaded a paper on the clinical manifestations of Omi Keron on the preprint platform medRxiv.
The conclusion is the same as that of South Africa’s Netcare published on JAMA.
Almost the same: it is observed that infected persons are significantly younger, have shorter hospital stays, require fewer respiratory support, and are less severely ill
.
The dawn of the end of the epidemic is beginning? At the beginning of Omi Keron's appearance, the medical and scientific circles were concerned mainly because the mutant strain carried a large number of mutations, which were all located on the spike protein
.
This makes the virus more infectious
.
A study in South Africa suggested that the reinfection rate of Omi Keron was three times higher than that of other strains
.
Fortunately, Omi Keron's virulence seems to be weakening
.
Related research and analysis say that this may be the result of a combination of multiple factors
.
First, including some animal models, the lung toxicity of Omi Keron has decreased
.
According to a study by Imperial College in the UK, it seems to be more likely to infect the upper respiratory tract, especially the susceptible nasal mucosa
.
It is no longer as easy to infect the lungs as the earlier strains such as Delta
.
A Japanese-US joint preprint study showed that experimental mice infected with Omi Keron had less lung damage
.
Another study in Belgium also reached a similar conclusion
.
In addition, Hong Kong, China, used lung tissue samples collected from patients with COVID-19 during the operation to conduct research and found that Kiron Omi grew at a slower rate in these samples than other strains
.
This may mean that the severe rate of Omi Keron infection has decreased
.
But because the virus replicates more frequently in the upper respiratory tract, it also makes it easier to spread
.
Second, Bloomberg quoted research saying that T cells and B cells, the second line of defense of the immune system, can still recognize and attack Omi Keron
.
"Virus" published an article on January 2, 2022 that the Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, China, and the University of Melbourne, Australia, have worked together to analyze more than 1,500 new coronavirus protein gene fragments, which can be recognized by T cells produced by patients who have recovered from the new coronavirus and vaccinated
.
The results showed that Omi Keron could hardly escape the attack of T cell immune response through mutation
.
This shows that the T cell immune response produced by vaccination or natural infection can still protect the human body from severe illness
.
Austrian McCormick Rong or "new epidemic" WHO concerns, the South African study may not have the "Global informative"
.
This is related to the demographic structure of South Africa
.
"The population of South Africa is relatively young, with a median age of 27.
6 years
.
The
United Kingdom is 40.
5 years old
.
Therefore, the Ome Keron epidemic experienced by South Africa may be different from that of countries with aging populations
.
" The BBC reported
.
Second, the vaccination rate in South Africa is relatively low.
Only 26% of the population is fully vaccinated, and the vaccination rate for people over 60 years old is the highest, reaching 58.
4%; followed by 40-59 years old (54.
3%) and 20-39 years old (31.
7).
%)
.
The preprint study of The Lancet stated that during the study period, only 5.
8% of children under 20 had received the new crown vaccine
.
This may be the reason why young people in this country are more susceptible to Omi Keron
.
The prevalence of chronic underlying diseases in young people is low.
Even if they are infected, the severity and progress of the disease will be significantly better than those in the elderly
.
"The New York Times" popular science writer Karl Zimmer also agrees that Ome Keron's clinical manifestations are lighter
.
However, due to its rapid spread and strong infectious power, this will cause more infections
.
Therefore, even if the rate of severe illness is low, it may put tremendous pressure on the medical system
.
He also pointed out that the popularity of Omi Keron is more like a "new trend
.
"
The incubation period is extremely short, and the patient will soon have clinical manifestations after infection
.
From a public health perspective, if people infected with Omi Keron can be quarantined quickly after they develop symptoms, the epidemic can be more effectively alleviated
.
However, up to now, many countries such as the United Kingdom and the United States have updated their epidemic prevention strategies, shortening or even canceling some quarantine requirements
.
In the United States, close contacts who have been vaccinated at full doses and have no symptoms do not need to be quarantined, but must wear a mask when performing daily activities for 10 consecutive days
.
The "Wall Street Journal" also warned that the European and American countries that are fighting Omi Keron may not be able to reproduce the experience of South Africa
.
In addition to age composition, natural infections, etc.
, we must also pay attention to seasonal factors
.
"South Africa is in the summer, and the new crown virus tends to spread more easily in winter-this is the current situation that Europe and the United States are experiencing
.
Early signals of significantly increased vaccine breakthrough, decreased hospitalization rates, and less severe disease in patients with COVID-19 caused by the Omicron variant of SARS-CoV-2 in Houston, Texas.
medRxiv.
doi.
org/10.
1101/2021.
12.
30.
21268560 : The first essay in the medical world.
Image source: WHO responsible editor: Zheng Huaju.
Proofreader: Zang Hengjia.
Plate-making: Xue Jiao’s wonderful review of "Omi Keron" in the past month.
What happened in this world? The Omi Keron mutant has invaded our country, can it be prevented after a booster shot? A total of 1573 cases have been confirmed in this round of the epidemic in Xi’an, and the imported dragon fruit from many places in Jinhua tested positive.
)’S accuracy and completeness, etc.
, make any promises and guarantees, and assume no responsibility for the outdated content and the possible inaccuracy or incompleteness of the cited information.
21268560 Source: First essay from the medical community Image source: WHO editor: Zheng Huaju Proofreader: Zang Hengjia Plate-making: Xue Jiao’s wonderful review of "Omi Keron" in the past month, what happened in this world? The Omi Keron mutant has invaded our country, can it be prevented after a booster shot? A total of 1573 cases have been confirmed in this round of the epidemic in Xi’an, and the imported dragon fruit from many places in Jinhua tested positive.
)’S accuracy and completeness, etc.
, make any promises and guarantees, and assume no responsibility for the outdated content and the possible inaccuracy or incompleteness of the cited information.
21268560 Source: First essay from the medical community Image source: WHO editor: Zheng Huaju Proofreader: Zang Hengjia Plate-making: Xue Jiao’s wonderful review of "Omi Keron" in the past month, what happened in this world? The Omi Keron mutant has invaded our country, can it be prevented after a booster shot? A total of 1573 cases have been confirmed in this round of the epidemic in Xi’an, and the imported dragon fruit from many places in Jinhua tested positive.
)’S accuracy and completeness, etc.
, make any promises and guarantees, and assume no responsibility for the outdated content and the possible inaccuracy or incompleteness of the cited information.
.
Relevant parties are requested to check separately when adopting or using this as a basis for decision-making
.
