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*It is only for medical professionals to read and refer to.
Correctly grasp the time of taking different hypoglycemic drugs to ensure the best curative effect and minimal adverse reactions.
Hypoglycemic drugs are a beneficial weapon in the treatment of diabetes.
Some hypoglycemic drugs need to be taken before meals to facilitate the effect; some hypoglycemic drugs taken with meals can promote drug absorption; some hypoglycemic drugs taken after meals can reduce the stomach Intestinal irritation and so on.
Correctly grasp the time of taking different hypoglycemic drugs to ensure the best curative effect and minimal adverse reactions.
Today we will take a look at the usage of commonly used hypoglycemic drugs in clinical practice.
1.
Sulfonylureas Sulfonylureas are insulin secretagogues, mainly by stimulating pancreatic β-cells to secrete insulin and increasing insulin levels in the body to lower blood sugar.
Sulfonylureas drugs can cause hypoglycemia if used improperly.
2.
Glinides Glinides are non-sulfonylureas insulin secretagogues.
They mainly reduce postprandial blood glucose by stimulating the early secretion of insulin.
Common adverse reactions are hypoglycemia and weight gain, but the risk of hypoglycemia And the degree is lighter than that of sulfonylureas.
3.
Metformin Metformin lowers blood sugar mainly by reducing liver glucose output and improving peripheral insulin resistance.
Used alone does not increase the risk of hypoglycemia, but when used in combination with insulin or insulin secretagogues, it can increase the risk of hypoglycemia.
The main adverse reaction is gastrointestinal reaction.
4.
Thiazolidinediones (TZDs) TZDs mainly reduce blood sugar by increasing the sensitivity of target cells to insulin.
They do not increase the risk of hypoglycemia when used alone, but can increase hypoglycemia when used in combination with insulin or insulin secretagogues.
risk.
Common adverse reactions are weight gain and edema.
5.
Dipeptidyl peptidase IV inhibitor (DPP-4i) DPP-4i reduces the inactivation of GLP-1 in the body by inhibiting DPP-4 and increases the level of endogenous GLP-1.
Use DPP-4i alone Does not increase the risk of hypoglycemia. 6.
Sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitor (SGLT-2i) SGLT-2i inhibits the reabsorption of glucose by the kidneys, lowers the renal glucose threshold, and promotes urine glucose excretion.
Monotherapy does not increase the risk of hypoglycemia, but combined with insulin or insulin secretagogues increases the risk of hypoglycemia.
7.
Alpha-glycosidase inhibitors Alpha-glycosidase inhibitors reduce postprandial blood sugar by inhibiting the absorption of carbohydrates in the upper small intestine.
Hypoglycemia usually does not occur when taken alone.
Common adverse reactions are gastrointestinal reactions (such as abdominal distension, gas, etc.
).
8.
Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist (GLP-1RA) GLP-1RA stimulates insulin secretion and inhibits the secretion of glucagon in a glucose concentration-dependent manner by activating the GLP-1 receptor, while increasing muscle and Glucose uptake in adipose tissue inhibits the production of glucose in the liver and exerts a hypoglycemic effect.
The main adverse reaction is gastrointestinal reaction.
9.
Insulin Insulin is divided into ultra-short-acting insulin analogs, conventional (short-acting) insulin, intermediate-acting insulin, long-acting insulin, long-acting insulin analogs, premixed insulin, premixed insulin analogs, and Dual insulin analogues.
Main reference materials [1] Instructions for various hypoglycemic agents related preparations.
[2] Diabetes Branch of Chinese Medical Association.
Guidelines for Prevention and Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes in China (2020 Edition [J].
) Chinese Journal of Diabetes, 2021.
13 (4): 315-409.
Correctly grasp the time of taking different hypoglycemic drugs to ensure the best curative effect and minimal adverse reactions.
Hypoglycemic drugs are a beneficial weapon in the treatment of diabetes.
Some hypoglycemic drugs need to be taken before meals to facilitate the effect; some hypoglycemic drugs taken with meals can promote drug absorption; some hypoglycemic drugs taken after meals can reduce the stomach Intestinal irritation and so on.
Correctly grasp the time of taking different hypoglycemic drugs to ensure the best curative effect and minimal adverse reactions.
Today we will take a look at the usage of commonly used hypoglycemic drugs in clinical practice.
1.
Sulfonylureas Sulfonylureas are insulin secretagogues, mainly by stimulating pancreatic β-cells to secrete insulin and increasing insulin levels in the body to lower blood sugar.
Sulfonylureas drugs can cause hypoglycemia if used improperly.
2.
Glinides Glinides are non-sulfonylureas insulin secretagogues.
They mainly reduce postprandial blood glucose by stimulating the early secretion of insulin.
Common adverse reactions are hypoglycemia and weight gain, but the risk of hypoglycemia And the degree is lighter than that of sulfonylureas.
3.
Metformin Metformin lowers blood sugar mainly by reducing liver glucose output and improving peripheral insulin resistance.
Used alone does not increase the risk of hypoglycemia, but when used in combination with insulin or insulin secretagogues, it can increase the risk of hypoglycemia.
The main adverse reaction is gastrointestinal reaction.
4.
Thiazolidinediones (TZDs) TZDs mainly reduce blood sugar by increasing the sensitivity of target cells to insulin.
They do not increase the risk of hypoglycemia when used alone, but can increase hypoglycemia when used in combination with insulin or insulin secretagogues.
risk.
Common adverse reactions are weight gain and edema.
5.
Dipeptidyl peptidase IV inhibitor (DPP-4i) DPP-4i reduces the inactivation of GLP-1 in the body by inhibiting DPP-4 and increases the level of endogenous GLP-1.
Use DPP-4i alone Does not increase the risk of hypoglycemia. 6.
Sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitor (SGLT-2i) SGLT-2i inhibits the reabsorption of glucose by the kidneys, lowers the renal glucose threshold, and promotes urine glucose excretion.
Monotherapy does not increase the risk of hypoglycemia, but combined with insulin or insulin secretagogues increases the risk of hypoglycemia.
7.
Alpha-glycosidase inhibitors Alpha-glycosidase inhibitors reduce postprandial blood sugar by inhibiting the absorption of carbohydrates in the upper small intestine.
Hypoglycemia usually does not occur when taken alone.
Common adverse reactions are gastrointestinal reactions (such as abdominal distension, gas, etc.
).
8.
Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist (GLP-1RA) GLP-1RA stimulates insulin secretion and inhibits the secretion of glucagon in a glucose concentration-dependent manner by activating the GLP-1 receptor, while increasing muscle and Glucose uptake in adipose tissue inhibits the production of glucose in the liver and exerts a hypoglycemic effect.
The main adverse reaction is gastrointestinal reaction.
9.
Insulin Insulin is divided into ultra-short-acting insulin analogs, conventional (short-acting) insulin, intermediate-acting insulin, long-acting insulin, long-acting insulin analogs, premixed insulin, premixed insulin analogs, and Dual insulin analogues.
Main reference materials [1] Instructions for various hypoglycemic agents related preparations.
[2] Diabetes Branch of Chinese Medical Association.
Guidelines for Prevention and Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes in China (2020 Edition [J].
) Chinese Journal of Diabetes, 2021.
13 (4): 315-409.
