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Introduction Abdominal bloating can be divided into two types: abdominal bloating and abdominal distension.
The former is mainly manifested as subjective symptoms such as gas retention, abdominal pressure, and fullness, while the latter reflects the objective physical transformation of abdominal circumference
.
Abdominal bloating and abdominal bulging are often present at the same time, or they can occur separately
.
Bloating can be caused by a variety of reasons, including food intolerance, past infections that disrupt the intestinal flora, visceral sensory disturbances, delayed intestinal transit, or abnormal visceral-somatic reflexes
.
Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol (impact factor 11.
382) published a review article on the diagnosis and management of abdominal distension, as described below
.
One table summary: diagnostic criteria for abdominal distension The following table summarizes the diagnostic criteria for functional abdominal bloating and/or abdominal distension
.
One picture summary: The management method of abdominal distension The following picture summarizes the management method of chronic abdominal bloating and abdominal distension
.
Figure 1 Treatment algorithm for abdominal distension *Anemia, gastrointestinal bleeding, weight loss> 10% of body weight and family history of gastrointestinal malignancies DRE: digital rectal examination; HRAM: high-resolution anorectal manometry; FODMAP: fermentable Sugars, disaccharides, monosaccharides and polyols; HBT: Hydrogen Breath Test Summary Abdominal bloating and abdominal bulging are very common symptoms, which can have a negative impact on patients suffering from a series of basic medical and surgical diseases
.
Moreover, the symptoms of abdominal bloating and abdominal bulging are non-specific in nature
.
Therefore, doctors face many challenges when evaluating patients with bloating
.
First, determine the underlying cause of the patient, which may help determine the required diagnostic tests; second, identify the warning signs of other organic or more serious diseases; third, evaluate the diet, medication, and surgery that may cause abdominal bloating And behavioral factors; fourth, clarify the main underlying physiological processes of abdominal bloating and abdominal distension to take specific treatments; finally, doctors should carefully consider the risks and benefits of different therapies, including cost, efficacy, and safety
.
References: Lacy BE, Cangemi D, Vazquez-Roque M.
Management of Chronic Abdominal Distension and Bloating[J].
Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol.
2021 Feb;19(2):219-231.
e1.
doi: 10.
1016/j.
cgh .
2020.
03.
056.
Contribution email: tougao@medlive.
cn
The former is mainly manifested as subjective symptoms such as gas retention, abdominal pressure, and fullness, while the latter reflects the objective physical transformation of abdominal circumference
.
Abdominal bloating and abdominal bulging are often present at the same time, or they can occur separately
.
Bloating can be caused by a variety of reasons, including food intolerance, past infections that disrupt the intestinal flora, visceral sensory disturbances, delayed intestinal transit, or abnormal visceral-somatic reflexes
.
Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol (impact factor 11.
382) published a review article on the diagnosis and management of abdominal distension, as described below
.
One table summary: diagnostic criteria for abdominal distension The following table summarizes the diagnostic criteria for functional abdominal bloating and/or abdominal distension
.
One picture summary: The management method of abdominal distension The following picture summarizes the management method of chronic abdominal bloating and abdominal distension
.
Figure 1 Treatment algorithm for abdominal distension *Anemia, gastrointestinal bleeding, weight loss> 10% of body weight and family history of gastrointestinal malignancies DRE: digital rectal examination; HRAM: high-resolution anorectal manometry; FODMAP: fermentable Sugars, disaccharides, monosaccharides and polyols; HBT: Hydrogen Breath Test Summary Abdominal bloating and abdominal bulging are very common symptoms, which can have a negative impact on patients suffering from a series of basic medical and surgical diseases
.
Moreover, the symptoms of abdominal bloating and abdominal bulging are non-specific in nature
.
Therefore, doctors face many challenges when evaluating patients with bloating
.
First, determine the underlying cause of the patient, which may help determine the required diagnostic tests; second, identify the warning signs of other organic or more serious diseases; third, evaluate the diet, medication, and surgery that may cause abdominal bloating And behavioral factors; fourth, clarify the main underlying physiological processes of abdominal bloating and abdominal distension to take specific treatments; finally, doctors should carefully consider the risks and benefits of different therapies, including cost, efficacy, and safety
.
References: Lacy BE, Cangemi D, Vazquez-Roque M.
Management of Chronic Abdominal Distension and Bloating[J].
Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol.
2021 Feb;19(2):219-231.
e1.
doi: 10.
1016/j.
cgh .
2020.
03.
056.
Contribution email: tougao@medlive.
cn