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In the past ten years, human life has undergone tremendous changes due to the diversification of work >
Especially the emergence of the Internet has allowed many people to break away from the traditional "Nine to Five".
In addition to the more common "two shifts", a large number of people have poured into emerging occupations, such as live broadcasts day and night, bringing goods, driving, taxis and private cars, etc.
, as well as those who refuse to sleep at night.
, A person who is reluctant to get up during the day.
However, the circadian rhythm (biological clock) of the human body is disturbed by the inversion of the day and night work and rest time, resulting in disturbances in the sleep-wake cycle and eating patterns, which may cause serious health problems.
Recently, in a study published in "PLOS Computational Biology", researchers from the University of Waterloo in Canada simulated the interaction between the biological clock and the immune system, clarifying that irregular schedules are related to immune system damage, and then Affect the body's ability to fight infection.
Moreover, there are gender differences in this impact.
Therefore, it is better to work from 9 to 5, even if you are "996", even if you are "007", as long as you don't turn around day and night.
As we all know, the biological clock has an important influence on the immune system.
Therefore, the influence of circadian rhythm disorders on immune cell function, host defense and inflammation is of particular concern.
Studies have found that the intensity of the immune response changes throughout the day, and the imbalance of core clock genes can lead to inflammatory diseases or immune deficiencies.
In order to better understand the mechanism of "reversed black and white" life leading to weakened immunity, researchers have developed a mammalian lung circadian clock model combined with an acute inflammation model, which includes core clock genes and related proteins, as well as pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory The regulatory mechanism of inflammatory mediators, etc.
, reproduced the expression of clock genes in the lung and the immune response to different doses of lipopolysaccharide to simulate the interaction between the biological clock and the immune system.
Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is a kind of endotoxin (Endotoxin), when it acts on human or animal cells, it will show a variety of biological activities.
In addition, the researchers created a set of models for males and females.
By adjusting the clocks of these models, they can simulate how various circadian rhythm changes affect health outcomes, including gender-specific changes in clock genes and protein expression.
Under normal circumstances, the model shows that due to the dynamic changes of the anti-inflammatory cytokine interleukin 10 (IL-10), the host circadian rhythm is shown to be more sensitive to lipopolysaccharide in CT12 (active period) than CT0 (rest period); And it is determined that REV-ERB protein is a key regulator of IL-10 circadian activity.
Previous studies have shown that in rodents with circadian rhythm disorders, researchers have observed that the transcription level of the clock gene Bmal1 continues to decrease, and the addition of lipopolysaccharide leads to a stronger inflammatory response and higher mortality.
In this study, the researchers simulated the time reversal pattern (circadian reversal) of the lowest and highest dose sensitivity of lipopolysaccharide to clarify that the circadian rhythm changes immune response depends on the time of infection and the sex of the organism.
When lipopolysaccharides were administered at the beginning of the rest period (CT0), the model predicted that male animals with circadian rhythm disorders would have increased production of the pro-inflammatory cytokines interleukin 6 (IL-6) and TNF-α compared to females.
Similar results were also shown in experiments with male mice and rats with circadian rhythm disorders.
The model shows that this strong response is also reflected in female animals, which is due to the premature interruption of the 8-hour circadian rhythm, which resets the biological clock to the middle stage of the active phase; but the changes in females are still relatively close to the baseline.
Animal experiments have shown that, unlike male rats, the up-regulation of the circadian gene CRY in female rats reduces the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-α and IL-6, while the down-regulation of REV-ERB leads to the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL- 10 levels increase, so higher levels of IL-10 inhibit IL-6.
In short, rats with circadian rhythm disorders have more tissue damage after receiving lipopolysaccharide during the rest period, and males are more severe than females.
In other words, the immune response to infections that occur at different times is different.
Under normal circumstances, we are least likely to be infected when we should sleep, so the immune system is not prepared for infection.
However, the immune system cannot keep up with the work during the time that should be rested (day and night reversed).
In the case of a weakened immune system, the body is easily injured, and the gender of the individual also affects the severity of the infection.
In general, the study shows that females and males have differences throughout the circadian rhythm.
Females produce fewer pro-inflammatory cytokines than males; males are more vulnerable to the severity of the infection response.
Researchers believe that the model can be used as an important part of a comprehensive model to understand how the circadian rhythm mediated by night work affects inflammation and other physiological responses.
Anita Layton, the corresponding author of the study and professor of applied mathematics, computer science, pharmacy and biology at the University of Waterloo, said: "Because our immune system is affected by the circadian rhythm, the immune response capacity changes with the time of day.
Before going to bed The time is the worst time to fight infection, and compared with women, men’s immune systems are more likely to overreact, and this increases their risk of developing sepsis after an untimely infection.
"The link to the paper: https://doi.
org/10.
1371/journal.
pcbi.
1008514 2020 hot articles selection 1.
Cup! A full paper cup of hot coffee, full of plastic particles.
.
.
2.
American, British and Australian scientists" "Natural Medicine" adds another proof: the new coronavirus is a natural evolution product, or has two origins.
.
.
3.
NEJM: The effect of intermittent fasting on health, aging and disease 4.
Healing insomnia within one year! Research found: Improve sleep, You may only need a heavy blanket.
5.
New Harvard study: Only 12 minutes of vigorous exercise can bring huge metabolic benefits to health.
6.
The first human intervention experiment: "touching and rolling" in nature 28 Days, enough to improve immunity 7.
Junk food is "really rubbish"! It takes away the length of telomeres and makes people grow old faster! 8.
Cell puzzle: you can die if you don’t sleep! But the lethal change is not Occurs in the brain, but in the intestines.
.
.
9.
"Nature Communications" ultra-large-scale study: the level of iron in the blood is the key to health and aging! 10.
Unbelievable! Scientists reverse the "permanent" brain damage in animals overnight and make them old The brain regained its youth.
.
.
Especially the emergence of the Internet has allowed many people to break away from the traditional "Nine to Five".
In addition to the more common "two shifts", a large number of people have poured into emerging occupations, such as live broadcasts day and night, bringing goods, driving, taxis and private cars, etc.
, as well as those who refuse to sleep at night.
, A person who is reluctant to get up during the day.
However, the circadian rhythm (biological clock) of the human body is disturbed by the inversion of the day and night work and rest time, resulting in disturbances in the sleep-wake cycle and eating patterns, which may cause serious health problems.
Recently, in a study published in "PLOS Computational Biology", researchers from the University of Waterloo in Canada simulated the interaction between the biological clock and the immune system, clarifying that irregular schedules are related to immune system damage, and then Affect the body's ability to fight infection.
Moreover, there are gender differences in this impact.
Therefore, it is better to work from 9 to 5, even if you are "996", even if you are "007", as long as you don't turn around day and night.
As we all know, the biological clock has an important influence on the immune system.
Therefore, the influence of circadian rhythm disorders on immune cell function, host defense and inflammation is of particular concern.
Studies have found that the intensity of the immune response changes throughout the day, and the imbalance of core clock genes can lead to inflammatory diseases or immune deficiencies.
In order to better understand the mechanism of "reversed black and white" life leading to weakened immunity, researchers have developed a mammalian lung circadian clock model combined with an acute inflammation model, which includes core clock genes and related proteins, as well as pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory The regulatory mechanism of inflammatory mediators, etc.
, reproduced the expression of clock genes in the lung and the immune response to different doses of lipopolysaccharide to simulate the interaction between the biological clock and the immune system.
Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is a kind of endotoxin (Endotoxin), when it acts on human or animal cells, it will show a variety of biological activities.
In addition, the researchers created a set of models for males and females.
By adjusting the clocks of these models, they can simulate how various circadian rhythm changes affect health outcomes, including gender-specific changes in clock genes and protein expression.
Under normal circumstances, the model shows that due to the dynamic changes of the anti-inflammatory cytokine interleukin 10 (IL-10), the host circadian rhythm is shown to be more sensitive to lipopolysaccharide in CT12 (active period) than CT0 (rest period); And it is determined that REV-ERB protein is a key regulator of IL-10 circadian activity.
Previous studies have shown that in rodents with circadian rhythm disorders, researchers have observed that the transcription level of the clock gene Bmal1 continues to decrease, and the addition of lipopolysaccharide leads to a stronger inflammatory response and higher mortality.
In this study, the researchers simulated the time reversal pattern (circadian reversal) of the lowest and highest dose sensitivity of lipopolysaccharide to clarify that the circadian rhythm changes immune response depends on the time of infection and the sex of the organism.
When lipopolysaccharides were administered at the beginning of the rest period (CT0), the model predicted that male animals with circadian rhythm disorders would have increased production of the pro-inflammatory cytokines interleukin 6 (IL-6) and TNF-α compared to females.
Similar results were also shown in experiments with male mice and rats with circadian rhythm disorders.
The model shows that this strong response is also reflected in female animals, which is due to the premature interruption of the 8-hour circadian rhythm, which resets the biological clock to the middle stage of the active phase; but the changes in females are still relatively close to the baseline.
Animal experiments have shown that, unlike male rats, the up-regulation of the circadian gene CRY in female rats reduces the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-α and IL-6, while the down-regulation of REV-ERB leads to the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL- 10 levels increase, so higher levels of IL-10 inhibit IL-6.
In short, rats with circadian rhythm disorders have more tissue damage after receiving lipopolysaccharide during the rest period, and males are more severe than females.
In other words, the immune response to infections that occur at different times is different.
Under normal circumstances, we are least likely to be infected when we should sleep, so the immune system is not prepared for infection.
However, the immune system cannot keep up with the work during the time that should be rested (day and night reversed).
In the case of a weakened immune system, the body is easily injured, and the gender of the individual also affects the severity of the infection.
In general, the study shows that females and males have differences throughout the circadian rhythm.
Females produce fewer pro-inflammatory cytokines than males; males are more vulnerable to the severity of the infection response.
Researchers believe that the model can be used as an important part of a comprehensive model to understand how the circadian rhythm mediated by night work affects inflammation and other physiological responses.
Anita Layton, the corresponding author of the study and professor of applied mathematics, computer science, pharmacy and biology at the University of Waterloo, said: "Because our immune system is affected by the circadian rhythm, the immune response capacity changes with the time of day.
Before going to bed The time is the worst time to fight infection, and compared with women, men’s immune systems are more likely to overreact, and this increases their risk of developing sepsis after an untimely infection.
"The link to the paper: https://doi.
org/10.
1371/journal.
pcbi.
1008514 2020 hot articles selection 1.
Cup! A full paper cup of hot coffee, full of plastic particles.
.
.
2.
American, British and Australian scientists" "Natural Medicine" adds another proof: the new coronavirus is a natural evolution product, or has two origins.
.
.
3.
NEJM: The effect of intermittent fasting on health, aging and disease 4.
Healing insomnia within one year! Research found: Improve sleep, You may only need a heavy blanket.
5.
New Harvard study: Only 12 minutes of vigorous exercise can bring huge metabolic benefits to health.
6.
The first human intervention experiment: "touching and rolling" in nature 28 Days, enough to improve immunity 7.
Junk food is "really rubbish"! It takes away the length of telomeres and makes people grow old faster! 8.
Cell puzzle: you can die if you don’t sleep! But the lethal change is not Occurs in the brain, but in the intestines.
.
.
9.
"Nature Communications" ultra-large-scale study: the level of iron in the blood is the key to health and aging! 10.
Unbelievable! Scientists reverse the "permanent" brain damage in animals overnight and make them old The brain regained its youth.
.
.
