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    Home > Active Ingredient News > Drugs Articles > Oral vaccine: the next new drug development area worthy of attention

    Oral vaccine: the next new drug development area worthy of attention

    • Last Update: 2020-02-26
    • Source: Internet
    • Author: User
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    The novel coronavirus pneumonia oral control product has been developed recently Our report has been controversial because of its successful development as an oral vaccine However, although the news headlines reported by different platforms may vary, the readers who can read the contents carefully will find that this is indeed an advance in the development of the new oral vaccine for the new crown pneumonia Clinical research has not been carried out yet, and it is still far away from the market From the perspective of the disputes of various communication platforms, it seems that everyone is still very unfamiliar with the field of oral vaccine, which is worth discussing systematically Fig 1 From the mechanism of action, the oral vaccine mainly acts on the mucosal immune system We know that mucosal immunity is the first line of defense for most pathogen infections From the perspective of transmission of new coronavirus, mucosal infection is one of the main ways, so the oral vaccine that can produce mucosal immunity must be an effective control way of new coronavirus, and it is also an effective control method of hepatitis C, hepatitis B, human papillomavirus, influenza and many other viruses Figure 2 The oral influenza vaccine has been proved to be safe and effective For example, the authoritative journal Lancet recently reported the results of phase II clinical research of vxa-a1.1, an oral influenza (H1N1) vaccine of vaxart company: safe and effective! In addition to influenza vaccine, currently approved "oral vaccine" mainly includes five categories, including: antiviral vaccine, rotavirus vaccine and polio vaccine; and antiviral oral vaccine, Helicobacter pylori vaccine, cholera vaccine and typhoid vaccine A Rotavirus oral vaccine Rotashield is the first oral vaccine approved for anti rotavirus It is a live attenuated 4-valent vaccine The vaccine has significant effect on preventing diarrhea and rotavirus infection, but it is withdrawn from the market due to the risk of intussusception or intestinal obstruction In order to replace Rotashield, two new oral rotavirus vaccines have been approved, one is RotaTeq approved in 2006, the other is Rotarix approved in 2008 Figure 3 Rottweiler (rotavirus oral vaccine) in China mainly uses the monovalent sheep RV vaccine (LLR strain) produced by Lanzhou Institute of Biological Products Co., Ltd., which is independently developed LLR strain has good immunogenicity, and can induce the vaccinators to produce G1-G4 neutralizing antibody It has been used tens of millions of times in China B The research and development of oral polio vaccine was earlier, and the live attenuated polio vaccine (OPV) developed by Albert Sabin was the first licensed mucosal vaccine Research shows that the oral vaccine can produce a protective immune response similar to the injection vaccine (IPV) developed by Jonas Salk Since the use of poliovirus attenuated live vaccine (OPV), the incidence rate of polio has been decreasing rapidly in many countries Although some countries have stopped using the vaccine, it has indeed made great contributions to the fight against poliomyelitis C The oral Recombinant Helicobacter pylori vaccine is a kind of gene engineering vaccine, which is made of recombinant urease subunit B (UreB) of Helicobacter pylori and heat labile enterotoxin subunit B (LTB) of mucosal immune adjuvant As early as 2009, China's food and Drug Administration approved new drug certificates and drug registration documents related to oral vaccines, and the world's first vaccine to prevent Helicobacter pylori infection also came from China In addition to oral H pylori vaccine, cholera vaccine and typhoid vaccine have also made great progress Oral vaccines for cholera, such as cvd103hgr, Bengal 15, etc.; oral vaccines for typhoid, such as CVD 908 HtrA, ty800, etc From the above summary and analysis, it can be seen that the oral vaccine has made great contributions to human beings' resistance to virus, bacterial infection and other diseases With the maturity and improvement of research and development technology, there will certainly be more excellent oral vaccines in the future Novel coronavirus pneumonia novel coronavirus pneumonia vaccine is expected to be further developed and released early, contributing to the fight against the new crown pneumonia.
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