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    Home > Biochemistry News > Biotechnology News > Otsiao: Discover the autophagy mechanism of cells.

    Otsiao: Discover the autophagy mechanism of cells.

    • Last Update: 2020-09-14
    • Source: Internet
    • Author: User
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    In recent years, cell autophagy has been regarded as a favorite to win the Nobel Prize and has appeared on various Nobel Prize prediction lists.
    At 5:30 p.m. on October 3rd, the name of Yoshinori Ohsumi, a Japanese scientist, appeared on the front page of the Nobel Prize's official website, the 2016 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine, after he discovered the autophagy mechanism. Liu Wei, a professor at Zhejiang University's School of Medicine, told China Science Daily that they had been looking forward to winning the Nobel Prize in the field for several years,
    Thanth year, it was very exciting to learn that Otsiao had won it on his own."
    Tester", a cell "vacuum cleaner" that cleans up trash, and every year, citation analysts at Thomson Reuters mine authoritative data from its research platform Web of Knowledge to evaluate, identify the most influential researchers in various fields, predict Nobel laureates, and publish citation laureates, which have so far successfully predicted 26 Nobel laureates.
    is the winner of the 2013 Citation Laureate Award.
    , however, the nominees include Daniel Klionsky, a professor of life sciences at the University of Michigan, and Noboru Mizushima, a professor of biochemistry and molecular biology at the University of Tokyo in Japan, who have promoted understanding of the molecular biology mechanisms of autophagy and the physiological function of autophagy.
    , this year's Nobel Prize was won by Otsiao.
    "cell autophagy" is not difficult to understand literally, that is, cells "self-devouring".
    , according to Sun Xuejun, a professor at the Second Military Medical University, "when cells are malnourished or injured by the outside world, cells can go through more difficult periods through autophagy."
    Zhang Hong, a researcher at the Institute of Biophysics of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, explains that autophagy is a cell or body that, in the absence of energy or stress, such as amino acids and hypoxia, produces a double-layer membrane structure in the cell that wraps up a portion of its cytoplasm and transports it to the lysosome for degradation.
    In addition, cells constantly produce damaged organocytes, such as damaged mitochondrials and protein polymers, which need to be wrapped by autophagy and transported to lysosomes for degradation, "like a vacuum cleaner at home, where the autophagy constantly cleans the cells themselves and maintains a steady state balance of the cells," Zhang said.
    And the reason why the Great Good Code was able to win the Nobel Prize is also because although scientists observed the phenomenon of autophagy of cells is not short, but people are not very clear about the molecular mechanism of autophagy, which is the breakthrough in the study of the Great Code of Good.
    Zhang Hong told reporters that in the 1990s, Otsan Liangxuan built yeast as a model for the study of cell autophagy, he found many genes through genetic screening, and through the study of gene function, people have some understanding of the molecular mechanism of autophagy.
    " these genes and autophagy are highly conservative in multicellular organisms, greatly contributing to our understanding of autophagy and the relationship between autophagy abnormalities and disease.
    ," Zhang said.
    sun Xuejun, an indispensable cell quality control system, told China Science Daily that autophagy is a cell physiological phenomenon, its role is first of all self-protection, anti-aging, anti-damage such as microbial immunity, is its basic value.
    because autophagy has the characteristics of self-protection and the ability to maintain the quality balance of cells, the correlation between its research and disease research is becoming more and more important.
    such as neurodegenerative diseases, many neurons are caused by the accumulation of protein polymers, so that cells do not function properly or die.
    " Zhang Hong explains, so autophagy is related to tumors, immunological diseases, diabetes and almost all other diseases.
    fact, this is the focus of the current scientific community on autophagy research - scientists are more focused on autophagy research "it is a mass control system in cells" level.
    According to Liu Wei, a large part of China's annual National Science Fund is around autophagy, "because it is related to many diseases, from medicine to life sciences, and plant cell autophagy, etc., involving a wide range of disease treatment, drug target discovery is very important."
    experts also point out that the direct application value of autophagy research has not been well reflected, but this does not determine its value in disease research.
    Zhang Hong told China Science Daily that autophagy research has something to do with clinical practice.
    " autophagy is a double-edged sword, can make cells die, can also make cells survive, we need to understand the specific function of autophagy, those who die, diseased cell autophagy function in the end abnormal, we can cure the disease.
    " basic breakthrough led to a research boom looking back at the course of cell autophagy research, it can become the current research hot, can not be separated from the tireless promotion of scientists.
    , according to Sun Xuejun, in the 1960s, scientists observed autophagy through electroscopy and soon came up with the concept of "autophagy".
    , the progress of autophagy research was not smooth due to the lack of good research tools.
    "Really open the situation, put the phenomenon of autophagy into the right track of research is the Great Good Code," Zhang Hong said, in his view, "The work of the Great Good Code is groundbreaking."
    , as the Nobel jury put it, "brings a new paradigm to our understanding of how cells reuse their components."
    fact, the Great Book has a lot to do with China.
    2015, he received the International Award from the Chinese Biophysical Society for his contribution to Chinese science, and he personally came to China to attend the conference and receive the award.
    , Otsiao and Zhang Hong also organized a Sino-Japanese autophagy seminar, held annually in China and Japan.
    , the author, believes that The Great Book of Science and Technology has great respect for China's scientific development and often comes to China to participate in academic exchanges.
    "He thinks that Chinese science is going up, and chinese scientists are doing a solid job."
    " it is known that China's research in the field of autophagy is quite strong.
    Zhang Hong is the first in the world to use multicellular organisms for genetic screening, found a lot of yeast does not exist but exists in humans of the new autophagy gene, recently found that these autophagy gene mutations can cause many diseases in humans.
    In addition, Tsinghua University's Yu Li in autophagy and lysosome regeneration, the Chinese Academy of Sciences animals Chen quan mitochondrial selective autophagy, Tsinghua Chen Weiguang in autophagy and signal conduction have important work, in addition to the Northern Medicine Zhu Weiguo, the Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai Academy of Health Hu Ronggui, Zhejiang University Liu Wei teachers have outstanding work.
    " can be said that Chinese scientists in the study of autophagy is very leading, there are a group of scientists engaged in related research.
    ," Zhang said.
    , in fact, the award of the Grand Festival, but also let Zhang Hong have further thinking.
    he believes that the award of the Grand Festival in the importance of basic science, not one-sided pursuit of high-impact factors in these aspects of the article, gave the domestic scientific community a good warning.
    he confessed, "The great good is humble, is my example."
    Volker Haucke, a biochemist at the Institute of Molecular Pharmacology in Leibnitz, Germany, also said that Otsubni is a "very modest person" and "a classic example for those who do basic research and discover processes that could otherwise be hidden for decades".
    source: Chinese science.
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