Over-exploitation of groundwater in North China has seriously formed the largest "funnel area" in the world

CCTV, Shijiazhuang, May 7 (Reporter Du Zhen, Fangliang, Intern, reporter Dong Ying) According to the Voice of China "News" report, opening the map of Hebei Province shows that the river system of Hebei Province has two major water systems, the Haihe River and the Luanhe River

In addition to so many rivers, Hebei also has the largest freshwater lake in North China and the largest wetland—Baiyangdian Lake, covering an area of ​​366 square kilometers

Recently, there have been media reports: "Hebei's groundwater has been overexploited for 30 years or will soon be exhausted, and ground cracks continue to appear

Statistics show that due to years of over-exploitation of groundwater, the North China Plain has become the largest "funnel area" in the world

Zhouliuzhuang Village, Anping County, Hengshui City, Hebei Province, lies to the north of the Hutuohebei Dike, basically in the northernmost part of Hengshui

Reporter: Is it a crack?

Uncle Zhou: It's slowly cracking, it's originally small, but it's slowly getting bigger

Reporter: How deep is the deepest time?

Uncle Zhou: Slip waist deep, more than 200 meters

Reporter: How wide is the widest one?

Uncle Zhou: More than one meter

Reporter: Are there many cracks like this here?

Uncle Zhou: Quite a lot, one here, one there, and one more eastward

Kou Qiuhuan, deputy chief engineer of the Third Hydrological Engineering Geology Brigade of Hebei Geology and Mineral Bureau and head of the geological environment monitoring station, who has been tracking and observing geological disasters for many years, introduced that from 2006 to 2010, a total of 10 relatively large ground fissures occurred in Hengshui City.

According to Kou Qiuhuan, the main reason for the formation of these ground fissures is the excessive exploitation of deep groundwater in Hengshui City, which leads to ground subsidence, excessive groundwater overexploitation, and lowering of the deep groundwater level.

Kou Qiuhuan: The funnel is no longer a closed funnel.

According to data, there are currently 25 groundwater funnel areas in Hebei Province, including 7 with a funnel area of ​​more than 1,000 square kilometers.

In Cangzhou City, the ground subsidence exceeded 2 meters

Du Xingming: The original obstetrics and gynecology ward of this hospital was a three-story building at that time.

In Changli County, the main rice-producing area in East Hebei, villager Sun Lijun told reporters that because there is no water, the family no longer grows rice

Sun Lijun: My uncle used to grow rice.
At that time, the groundwater level was relatively shallow, and there was a well when I drilled a hole
.
But the water level is getting lower and lower
.
Every year when you plant crops, the power of the pumps you buy has to become bigger and bigger, and the water flow is getting smaller every year, and sometimes there is even no water
.
And in some places, water can't be pumped by the pump alone, so you have to find it.
The water is definitely getting less and less
.

Yin Junling, a professor-level senior engineer of the Hebei Hengshui Hydrology and Water Resources Survey Bureau, told reporters that as a resource-based water-scarce province, Hebei Province does not yet have large rivers
.
In order to meet the needs of industrial, agricultural and domestic water consumption, since the 1980s, Hebei began to over-explore groundwater, with an average annual over-exploitation of more than 5 billion cubic meters, and accumulated over-exploitation of 150 billion cubic meters, covering an area of ​​67,000 square kilometers.
The area of ​​over-extraction areas is 1/3 of that of the whole country
.

Yin Junling: Anyway, the current situation is not optimistic.
The domestic water wells have been drilled more than 400 meters, and some wells in the city have to be drilled 600 to 700 meters
.
If you go further down, you will basically reach the geothermal layer, and the water can no longer be eaten
.

Compared with Hebei, the situation in Beijing is not optimistic
.
According to data from Beijing, the per capita water resources in Beijing in the past ten years was only 107 cubic meters, which was just one-fifth of the extreme water shortage
.
In August last year, Beijing set the highest water use record four times in a month, and the peak water use was close to the total water use of one and a half Kunming Lake
.

Because of the continuous increase in water consumption, Beijing started four emergency water sources as early as 2003
.
The Huairou emergency water source officially opened in 2003 is the first emergency water source in Beijing
.
According to Ren Yu, director of the alternate water source management office of the Jingmi Water Diversion Management Office, when the emergency water source was first opened, the underground water level of the emergency water source was about 16 meters, but now every day of water supply, the ground water level drops by 5 to 10 cm
.
Zhao Zhangyuan, a researcher at the Chinese Academy of Environmental Sciences, gave the answer
.

Zhao Zhangyuan: It’s not that there are often reports in various places that there will be pits.
This is that the underground funnel has appeared.
There are more than 50,000 square funnels in the entire North China area.
Of course, the more important thing is that the amount of water is getting less and less.
We will investigate in Daxing.
Everyone who hits 300 meters can't hit the water
.

On the one hand, the problem of over-exploitation of groundwater resources is highlighted, and on the other hand, the people are required to guarantee the supply of water for daily use.
How to find a balance between the two?

Compared with the South, the North wants to deal with the scarcity of water resources and balance the contradiction between the over-exploitation of groundwater in North China and the water used for production and living by the people.
Many people place their hopes on the "South-to-North Water Diversion" project
.

Before the end of this year, the mid-line project of the South-to-North Water Diversion Project will supply 1.
05 billion cubic meters of water to Beijing each year
.
After this part of water enters Beijing, it will replace emergency water sources in Huairou, Pinggu, and Changping, as well as self-provided wells in urban areas, thereby conserving Beijing's groundwater
.
From this point, the South-to-North Water Diversion Project will play a huge role in alleviating the pressure on Beijing's water supply
.
But Liu Bin, deputy director of the Beijing Municipal Water Affairs Bureau, also gave everyone an account, that is, even if the water from the South-to-North Water Diversion Project enters Beijing, it will be difficult to completely change the relative shortage of water resources in Beijing
.

Liu Bin: 1 billion square meters divided by our current population, 20.
69 million
.
The amount of water added by each of us is only less than 50 cubic meters, and the shortage of water resources will not change much with the arrival of 1 billion cubic meters
.
Regardless of whether the water from the South-to-North Diversion Project comes or not, Beijing must strengthen water conservation
.

Lu Xinmin, head of the Water Resources Section of the Water Affairs Bureau of Hengshui City, Hebei Province, also said that although there is a South-to-North Water Diversion project, external water only temporarily alleviates the water shortage problem and is difficult to cure the root cause.
Only water saving is the only way
.

Lu Xinmin: Water saving is not a matter of one person, two people, one department and two departments.
Water conservation is advocated for the whole people, and water conservation is implemented throughout production and life
.

However, Chen Tie, chief engineer of the Beijing Municipal Water Affairs Bureau, said that as the water from the middle route of the South-to-North Water Diversion enters Beijing, Beijing will stop over-exploitation of groundwater and use part of the water from the South-to-North Water Diversion to recharge, which will help Beijing's groundwater recovery
.

Chen Tie: We must recover as soon as possible.
Firstly, to prevent it from continuing to over-explore, and secondly, it is better to replenish it with water from the South-to-North Water Diversion than not to replenish it.
At least it will not deteriorate
.
(Original title: "Serious overexploitation of groundwater in North China has formed the world's largest "funnel area"")