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Researchers at Finland's top university, the University of Alto, have developed an environmentally friendly hydrophobic wax coating for fabrics and lite cellulose fiber substrates that improves fabric hydrophobicity while retaining its original breathability and natural feel.
Because textiles use waterproof products in the production process, and many waterproof products use toxic chemicals, resulting in environmental impact problems, the urgent need for environmentally friendly alternatives, but the production of non-toxic, breathable and waterproof textiles, and environmentally sound and economical thinking is still a challenge at present.
, the wax melts into negatively charged anionic wax particles under the condition of water presence by process means to
. In order for wax particles to adhere well to the cellulose surface, some kind of positively charged cation is needed as a buffer, because particles with opposite charges attract each other. In previous studies, a natural protein of polylysine was used.
Forsman, of the University of Alberto, said, "Polylysine is more expensive, so in our study, lower-cost cation starch was used as an alternative." Although cation starch is not as effective as polylysine, the water resistance of the fabric surface can be achieved by matching starch with wax particles by a certain ratio. The researchers also compared the breathability between fabrics treated with natural wax and fabrics treated with similar commercially available products, and the results showed that natural wax particles made the fabric more water resistant while retaining breathability, while commercially treated fabrics reduced breathability.
the project's research team consists of multidisciplinary members, such as Matilda Tuure, a designer from the School of Art Design and Architecture at the University of Alto.
coating can be applied to the fabric surface by dipping, spraying or brushing, and the three coating methods are analyzed and tested separately. The results show that the immersion is suitable for smaller size fabrics, while spraying or painting is more suitable for larger size fabrics. In the industrial production process, wax treatment can be synchronized with coloring as part of the fabric surface treatment process.
team points out that wax coatings need to be further improved in terms of detergent wash performance, and that the new coating is better suited for jackets such as jackets that don't need to be washed often.
team also studied the effect of drying temperature on water resistance after wax treatment, and the results showed that water resistance was best when the drying temperature was lower than the melting temperature of wax.
Forsman notes, "We tested coatings on different fabric materials, such as viscose fibers, silk, cotton, hemp, cotton knitwear, etc., and the results showed that the roughness of the fabric surface affected its hydrophobic properties, and the rougher the surface, the better." This is because on rough surfaces, water droplets have less contact with the fabric surface. "
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