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    Home > Medical News > Medical World News > Overview of research on anti-radiation drugs.

    Overview of research on anti-radiation drugs.

    • Last Update: 2020-09-10
    • Source: Internet
    • Author: User
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    Author . . . Small sediment radiation is an energy that can be transmitted without the involvement of any medium, it can be divided into ionizing radiation and non-ionizing radiation, the former includes alpha, beta, gamma and xenon rays, the latter refers to microwave, radio waves, infrared and ultraviolet rays.
    different ways of acting, radiation damage can be divided into direct damage and indirect damage.
    Direct damage is the direct action of radiation on nucleic acids, proteins and other biological molecules, change their molecular structure and biological characteristics, induce cellular metabolic disorders, indirect damage refers to radiation to ionize the body's water molecules, the production of highly reactive freelance, which causes a variety of related injury diseases.
    In order to reduce the health hazards caused by radiation damage, research and development of high-efficiency and low-toxic anti-radiation damage drugs has a greater application prospects, the current research and development of radiation damage protection drugs are mainly ammoniasylate drugs, cytokines, hormone drugs, nitrogen and oxygen free groups, natural drugs.
    amino compoundsamino compounds are the first generation of radiation protection agents, the mechanism of action mainly includes the removal of free fundamentals, hydrogen transfer, induced tissue low oxygen and enhance the stability of DNA.
    commonare N-acetylcysteine (NAC), acetyl isothionine (AET), ammonia phosphorus (NAC) and so on.
    N-acetylcysteine (NAC) has been used as a sputum drug, in recent years, domestic and foreign scholars have found that NAC has a strong radiation protection effect, its mechanism of action mainly through the fight against oxidative stress in cells and the removal of reactive oxygen freelance, inhibition of apoptosis and promote the recovery of the body's cellular immune function to play the role of radiation damage.
    acetaminophen (AET) is a derivative of the -based -based replacement of cysteine, which has a long radiation protection effect and stable chemical properties.
    study found that AET can reduce the radiation-induced nitric oxide free fundamentals, thereby reducing the concentration of nitrates in serum Central Asia, play a radiation protection role.
    but after oral or intravenous AET, adverse reactions such as slow heart skipping, excessive breathing, and redness can occur, thus limiting its use.
    sine phosphate (aminopropyl ethyl parathionate, amifostine, NAC) is the FDA approved the first cell radiation protection agent, but also the most effective, the most studied radiation protection agent, its radiation protection effect is significantly better than AET, can be removed by radiation induced by the active oxygen freelance, protect DNA damage, etc. , but also can change the body's oxygen distribution and hypoxia induction radiation protection role.
    cytokines are a class of small molecular polypeptides synthesized and secreted by the body's cells, which have a variety of biological activities, such as regulating the body's immunity, promoting wound healing and hematologic regulation.
    In recent years, with the further research on cytokines, some cytokines have made remarkable achievements in the prevention and treatment of radiation damage, such as granulocyte-monocyte collection stimulation factor (GM-CSF), lebinin-11 (IL-11), platealine-promoting (TPO) and so on.
    In recent years, it has been found that most cytokines have the effect of promoting bone marrow reconstruction, such as IL-3, IL-6, granulocyte colonization stimulation factor (G-CSF) and so on can promote the proliferation and differentiation of hematopoietic cells, in addition to IL-1, stem cell growth factors (SCF), IL-12 and other radiation protection effects on the body.
    recombinant insulin-like growth factor-I (rhIGF-I) has a restorative effect on the hematopoietic function of the bone marrow macrocyte system after radiation damage, recombinant human leukocyte interleenn-12 (rhIL-12), granulocyte collection stimulation factor (G-CSF) has the effect of protecting hematopoietic stem cells and promoting the recovery of hematopoietic function, human leukocyte melebin-18 (IL-18) has a protective effect on the immune function of radiation damage.
    cytokines have the functions of multi-effect and synergy.
    cytokines stimulate and constrain each other to form a complex and orderly network of cytokines.
    of different cytokines can promote the restoration of hematologic and immune function.
    , TPO and GM-CSF can significantly promote the recovery of red blood cells, plate plate plates and other blood cells, as compared to single-use TPO.
    such as low-dose IL-1, tumor necrotizing cause (TNF), SCF alone applied in clinical observation without radiation protection, but the three will be used in a joint, there is a significant radiation protection effect.
    hormone-like drugs are an important class of radiation protection agents, which play a role by binding to the corresponding subjects and have anti-inflammatory, anti-tumor, antioxidant, free-form and other functions.
    the body by repairing the body's blood system and immune system to play an anti-radiation damage role.
    common hormone drugs with radiation damage protection include melatonin, steroids, etc.
    melatonin (MLT) is a pyridine hormone secreted by pineal glands that is present in all living organisms.
    melatonin is a unique antioxidant that provides excellent protection against chromosomal damage and oxidative stress caused by ionizing radiation, and the immune system, which is highly sensitive to radiation, can play a regulatory role in different ways and levels.
    studies have found that melatonin can reduce DNA damage and cell death during radiotherapy through antioxidant effects, reduce severe immune system damage and improve radiation adverse reactions by reducing inflammatory cytokines and media, and controlling the expression of transcription factor genes, so melatonin has the characteristics of reducing radiation toxicity of healthy tissues and beneficial to tumor radiotherapy.
    Natural medicine herbal medicine has a wide range of sources, few side effects, each Chinese medicine contains very complex ingredients, the exploration of the active ingredients of Chinese medicine has become the current research hot spot, has been found to have anti-radiation protection of the effective ingredients of Chinese medicine mainly include polysaccharides, saponins, polyphenols and flavonoids.
    polysaccharides mainly play their radiation protection role by repairing red blood cells, white blood cells and other hematologic cells of the body damaged by radiation, enhancing the body's immune function, removing free fundamentals, and increasing the activity of antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide disambiguation enzyme (SOD).
    addition to ginseng polysaccharies, common polysaccharies with radiation-resistant damage, mushroom polysaccharies, jaundice polysaccharies and so on.
    mainly distributed in higher plants on land, but also in small amounts in marine life such as starfish and sea cucuna.
    common soap glycosides with anti-radiation damage are mainly called saponins, soy saponins and so on.
    its mechanism mainly plays a protective role by reducing the damage to the hema production system caused by radiation and chromosomal damage, promoting the recovery of hema production function and DNA repair, and alleviating the decrease of immunity caused by radiation.
    polyphenols are a mixture of aromatic rings and hydroxyls, which are structurally containing phenolic hydroxyls, so they are easily oxidized and can remove ROS free radicals from the body.
    the radiation protection mechanism of polyphenols is to protect the degenerative lesions of lymphocytes, protect the thymus and spleen damage of the immune organs of mice, increase the vitality of antioxidant enzymes such as SOD and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) in mice, and reduce the content of MDA.
    , such as tea polyphenols, can play an anti-radiation damage role by preventing DNA double-stranded fractures and cell membrane damage and enhancing the activity of antioxidant enzymes such as SOD.
    flavonoid radiation protection agents can be protected by removing free fundamentals and antioxidants, protecting genetic material in cells, enhancing the body's immune function, and enhancing the vitality of hematologic tissue.
    a variety of flavonoids in nature have obvious anti-radiation effects, such as sand garden flavonoids, ginkgo flavonoids, propolis total flavonoids, soybean isoflavones, dye wood flavonoids and so on.
    nitrogen-oxygen free-form nitrogen-oxygen free-form is composed of atoms C, H, N and O, which contains organic compounds without paired electrons, has a unique antioxidant properties, is a stable free-form free-form that can antioxidant function.
    common types of structures are TEMPO and NIT.
    The study shows that nitrogen-oxygen free radicals can be electro-transferred to catalyze the decomposition of superoxide anions, with the effect of proposed SOD activity, while nitrogen-oxygen free radicals can compete with H2O2 for Fe2 plus, inhibit hydroxyl free radical generation from the source, reduce radiation-induced oxidation stress in the body.
    In addition, the structural modification derivatives of nitrogen-oxygen free agents such as acrylic nitrogen-oxygen free-agents, as well as a series of compounds that bond compounds with polyphenol structures such as resveratrol to the nitrogen-oxygen free-form molecular skeleton, have also been shown to inhibit radiation-induced apoptosis and reduce reactive oxygen freelances.
    There are a wide variety of anti-radiation drugs currently in use or under study, in addition to the widely used ammonia -based compounds such as ammonia phosphorus, as well as hormones, cytokines, Chinese herbal medicine and Chinese medicine extracts, etc. have good protective effects against radiation damage.
    But at present, there is still a big gap from the ideal radiation protection agent, some drugs after the use of serious side effects, limiting the clinical use of anti-radiation damage drugs, so the development of high-efficiency low-toxic radiation protection agents still has great application prospects and social benefits.
    references: Sun Lanlan, Li Heng, Tang Wei, Yi Jianfeng, left Jianping. Advances in the study of anti-radiation injury drugs (J) Central and Southern Pharmacy, 2018, 16 (01): 87-92. Wang Cheng, Huang Moonying, Tang Hai. An Overview of the Effects of Chinese Medicine in Anti-Ionizing Radiation Damage. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
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