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    Home > Agriculture News > Pesticide News > Overview of the development status and control strategies of resistant weeds in farmland in my country

    Overview of the development status and control strategies of resistant weeds in farmland in my country

    • Last Update: 2022-03-10
    • Source: Internet
    • Author: User
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    1.
    The reason and current situation of the development of resistant weeds in farmland in China? The use of herbicides in China began in the 1950s.
    From the introduction of the first herbicide compound 2,4-D in China in 1956, the history of herbicide use in China It has been nearly 60 years
    .
    During the 25 years from 1986 to 2011, the herbicide treatment area increased rapidly by 690%, but in the past 25 years, the domestic herbicide species structure has basically not changed significantly
    .
    ? For example, the current herbicides used in rice fields are still mainly sulfonylurea, amide and synthetic hormone herbicides.
    In 1997, their use area accounted for 43%, 36%, and 10%, respectively, accounting for 89% of the total; 2011; The annual accounted for 45%, 30% and 12% respectively, and the total accounted for 87%
    .
    Due to the rapid promotion and continuous use of selective herbicides with similar mechanisms of action of sulfonylureas, amides and synthetic hormones from 1986 to 2011, under the selective effect and pressure of these herbicides, 15 years later (2000) ), some drug-resistant weeds that are not susceptible to various types of drugs and drug-resistant weeds due to genetic mutations began to rapidly increase and spread
    .
    ?? By 2012, the number of herbicide-resistant weed species reported by the national media alone had increased from 5 to 34, an increase of 680%
    .
    Among them, the number of weed species that are resistant to sulfonylurea, amide and synthetic hormone herbicides accounted for 90%, which was synchronized with the increased application area of ​​herbicides
    .
    Figure 1.
    Development of resistant weeds in farmland in China from 1980 to 2012? Herbicides have made a great contribution to the modernization of China's agriculture, freeing farmers from the laborious manual weeding work.
    At present, the area of ​​farmland weeds has been eliminated in China It has accounted for more than 70% of the area where weeds occur
    .
    However, with the frequent use of herbicides, the resistance of weeds to herbicides has become increasingly serious, leading to the expansion of the weed area of ​​major crops in China, the rapid succession of weed populations, and the rapid development of resistant weeds
    .
    ? There are very few drug-resistant individuals or biotypes in the sensitive weed population, and the weed-resistant mutants originally exist in the population
    .
    Repeated use of a herbicide, or herbicide with the same mechanism of action, continues to kill sensitive individuals, resistant individuals can survive and continue to produce seeds, so that the number of resistant individuals in the population continues to increase.
    Generally, it is easy to weeds in 3 to 5 years.
    Develop resistance
    .
    ? As of March 2016, 467 biotypes of 249 species of weeds have developed resistance to 160 herbicides in 22 of the 25 known chemical herbicides in 65 international crop fields of 86 species
    .
    Among them, wheat fields and rice fields produce the most resistant weeds
    .
    The United States ranks first with 145 biotypes, the second is Australia with 70 species, the third is Canada with 60 species, and my country ranks fourth with 37 species.

    .
    Table 1 Global Resistant Weed Biotypes? Herbicide Type? Examples? Total? Acetolactate Synthase (ALS) Inhibitors? Chlorsulfuron? 159? Triazines/Photosynthetic System II Inhibitors? Atrazine? 73 ?
    .
    At present, 55 biotypes of 37 weeds in my country have developed resistance to 10 types of 32 chemical herbicides
    .
    Table 2? Reported resistant weeds in China? Types of resistance? Crop fields? Weeds? Weeds that are resistant to ALS inhibitors? Wheat fields? Shepherd's purse (2009), Mai Jiagong (2009), Beef Chickweed (2010), Goose Intestines (2010), Ginseng (2011), Daxu Cai (2014) are resistant to tribenuron-methyl; Japan sees Mai Niang (2005) developed resistance to chlorsulfuron; Kan Mai Niang (2014) and Sorrel (2015) developed resistance to metsulfuron? Rice field?
    .
    This process is generally relatively long, but the resistance to drugs can be inherited, and the resistance index is getting higher and higher after the selection of generations
    .
    There are only 55 species of resistant weed biotypes reported in China, and the actual number is far more than these
    .
    The reason is that domestic scientific research institutions and enterprises have not paid much attention to and research on antagonistic weeds
    .
    In recent years, data obtained through a large number of surveys and bioassays indicate that most parts of China are already on the verge of resistance outbreaks, and that outbreaks have occurred in some areas, and the resistance index is extremely high
    .
    For example, the IC50 (herbicide concentration at which 50% of weeds are inhibited) of Artemisia spp.
    and Shepherd's Purse, which are resistant to tribenuron-methyl in wheat fields in North China, is 100 to 150 times different from their sensitive types
    .
    The IC50 of barnyardgrass resistant to quinclorac in rice fields in the Yangtze River Basin differed by nearly 300 times from its sensitive type
    .
    In the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River, the rape fields in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River are resistant to aryloxyphenoxypropionate herbicides, Mai Niang, Japan Kan Mai Niang, and the southwestern regions that are resistant to paraquat, Tongquan grass, Sage grass, and yellow quake The dishes are getting more and more serious
    .
    Table 3? The situation of 12 kinds of main resistant weeds in my country? Weeds? Herbicides? Highest? Resistance level? Distribution area? Artemisia sulphate? Tribenuron-methyl, carfentrazone-ethyl, 2-methyl-4-chloro? 1,
    .
    Most crop fields such as rice, wheat, corn, soybeans and other crop fields, vegetable fields, orchards have reported and reflected the problem of weed resistance
    .
    (2) There are many kinds of resistant weeds
    .
    Resistant weeds are found in three types of weeds, including grasses, broadleaf grasses, and Cyperaceae
    .
    (3) There are many types of weeds that are resistant to herbicides
    .
    Organophosphates such as glyphosate, pyridines such as paraquat, triazines such as atrazine, chlorinated amides such as acetochlor, butachlor, etc.
    , sulfonylureas such as bensulfuron-methyl, methyl disulfonate Sulfuron, nicosulfuron, pyrazosulfuron, tribensulfuron and the like
    .
    In addition, from the development trend of resistant weeds in wheat and rice fields in China, we found that some biotypes of weeds are not only cross-resistant to herbicides with a certain mechanism of action, but also to herbicides with multiple mechanisms of action.
    More resistance
    .
    Artemisia sophia in wheat fields, shepherd's purse and barnyardgrass in rice fields are good examples
    .
    2?? Resistant weed control strategies The control strategies of resistant weeds mainly include the following aspects: (1) Alternate use of herbicides: Alternate use of herbicides can make resistant weeds easier to control than sensitive weeds
    .
    Rotate the use of different types of herbicides to avoid long-term use of the same type or similar structure; rotate to use herbicides with complex action sites on weeds; rotate to use herbicides with different action mechanisms or different formulations of the same herbicide species
    .
    (2) Mixed use of herbicides: herbicides with different chemical properties and different action mechanisms are mixed and used in a certain proportion, which is the most basic method to avoid, delay and control the production of resistant weeds
    .
    The mixed herbicides can significantly reduce the frequency of resistant weeds, and at the same time can expand the weed-killing spectrum, enhance the efficacy, reduce the dosage, and reduce the cost
    .
    (3) The use of herbicide safeners and synergists: general herbicides protect crops through selectivity, and the application of safeners can enable some non-selective or weakly selective herbicides to be used, reducing selection pressure.
    Expand the weed-killing spectrum
    .
    The use of synergists can increase the absorption and operation of herbicides or reduce herbicide degradation and detoxification
    .
    (4) New drug development is the most effective way to control weed resistance
    .
    In order to adapt to the continuous development of agricultural production, and to solve the problems of toxicity, resistance and environmental impact of traditional pesticides as soon as possible, although the development of new pesticides is becoming more and more difficult, people still spend a lot of manpower and material resources.
    With great energy, he is still working tirelessly in the development of new pesticides, and new pesticides are constantly coming out, including many new pesticide series or varieties with novel structures or unique mechanisms of action
    .
    (Qingdao Xiannong Resistant Weed Control Co.
    , Ltd.
    )
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