Parents are weak, be careful!

Singularity Cake found that when elders meet and greet each other, there must be a sentence - "It's really old, we can't tell, but I always feel that it hurts here, and it doesn't feel good there
.
"
This can't be said to be true, people become hypocritical as they get older
.

This phenomenon is commonly referred to as "frailty" in the field of geriatric health medicine
.

Simply put, it is a comprehensive manifestation of a series of health problems such as aging of organs and tissues of the elderly, the decline of various functions of the body, and the accumulation of various chronic diseases as they age
.

We can understand frailty as a syndrome of aging, or as a state [1]
.

 Common clinical indicators of frailty include weight loss, exhaustion, low physical activity, and slow movements
.

Clinical studies have shown that frailty can be used as an independent indicator to measure the disease status of the elderly and is associated with various adverse clinical outcomes such as death [1]
.

Recently, two new large-scale cohort studies have shown that frailty is significantly associated with a 520% ​​increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) death in the elderly [2] and a 268% increased risk of dementia [3]
.

When it comes to CVD and dementia, these two are the underlining points in the health of the elderly
.

With age, the decline of muscle mass, cardiopulmonary and other physiological functions will increase the risk of CVD, and the dementia caused by the decline of cognitive function also brings a heavy burden to the elderly and their families
.

Therefore, with the pace of social aging catching up, scientists are trying to find better ways to predict and reduce the risk of CVD death and dementia in the elderly
.

 Then let's first talk about the research results published in the "European Heart Journal" by William Shrauner et al [2]
.

 Screenshot of the paper's homepage [2] This study included more than 3 million senior U.
S.
veterans aged 65 and over
.

The researchers divided the participants into 5 groups according to the degree of frailty based on 31 indicators such as cognition, sensory, and physical function, namely healthy (FI<0.
1), initial frailty (0.
1<FI<0.
2), and mild frailty.
(0.
2<FI<0.
3), moderate frailty (0.
3<FI<0.
4) and severe frailty (FI>0.
4) [3]
.

Participants were adjusted for age, sex, hyperlipidemia, and medication use when analyzing the association between frailty and CVD mortality risk
.

 The results of the analysis showed that the overall risk of death from CVD decreased during the follow-up period 2002-2017
.

However, it cannot be ignored that the risk of death from CVD increases as the frailty of the elderly increases
.

In 2002, compared with good health, initial frailty was associated with an 80% increased risk of CVD death (HR 1.
8; 95% CI 1.
7-1.
9), while severe frailty was associated with a 760% increased risk of CVD death (HR 8.
6; 95%CI 8.
3-8.
9)
.

By 2014, although older adults with varying degrees of frailty had a reduced risk of CVD mortality, severe frailty was still significantly associated with a more than 5-fold increased risk of CVD mortality (HR 6.
2; 95% CI 6.
0–6.
3)
.

The higher the degree of frailty in the elderly, the greater the risk of CVD death.
It is worth mentioning that during the follow-up period, although the overall risk of CVD death in the elderly decreased, the incidence of myocardial infarction and myocardial infarction death did not improve
.

In 2002 and 2014, initial frailty was associated with a 50% and 60% increased risk of myocardial infarction and myocardial infarction death, respectively, and severe frailty was associated with a 190% and 260% increased risk of myocardial infarction and myocardial infarction death, respectively
.

 Another research result was published in the Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Psychiatry by David D Ward et al [3]
.

Screenshot of the homepage of the paper[4] They analyzed more than 196,000 British elderly people over the age of 60, and assessed the degree of frailty based on 49 indicators such as insomnia, shoulder and neck pain, and osteoporosis, and classified the elderly as mild frailty.
(FI<0.
15), moderate frailty (0.
15<FI<0.
3) and severe frailty (FI>0.
3) [5]
.

During a median follow-up of 8 years, a total of 1762 people were diagnosed with dementia
.

 After adjusting for factors such as genetic risk, the researchers found that moderate frailty was associated with a 55% increased risk of dementia in older adults (HR 1.
55, 95% CI 1.
40-1.
71), while severe frailty was associated with a 268% increased risk of dementia in older adults correlated (HR 3.
68, 95%CI 3.
11-4.
35)
.

When taking into account the genetic risk of dementia, that's even more of a debuff
.

Compared with the low genetic risk + mild frail elderly, the high genetic risk + severe frail elderly had a 4.
8-fold increased risk of dementia (HR 5.
81, 95%CI 4.
01-8.
42); and for the severe frail elderly said that even with a low genetic risk, the risk of dementia was more than 3 times higher (HR 4.
37, 95% CI 2.
85-6.
68)
.

 Not only that, but the researchers also analyzed the effect of the participants' life>
.

The results of the analysis showed that a healthy life>
.

C: Dementia risk in the elderly with low, moderate and severe frailty B: Dementia risk in the elderly with different degrees of frailty under different genetic risks and areas of medical focus
.

And more and more research results show that frailty can be used as a completely independent indicator to measure the risk of aging-related diseases [1]
.

Severe frailty in older adults is significantly associated with a 520% ​​increased risk of death from CVD and a 268% increased risk of dementia, according to the latest large-scale cohort study
.

 From these two studies, the elderly have shown an increased risk of CVD death in the early stage of frailty, and with the increase of frailty, the risk of CVD death also increased significantly, which means that the elderly can be diagnosed and diagnosed in a timely manner in the early stage of frailty.
Treatment, may greatly help reduce the risk of CVD mortality [6]
.

In addition, there may be some risks that we cannot avoid, such as the risk of dementia determined by polygenic inheritance
.

But we can still do things within our power, such as reducing frailty by maintaining a healthy life>
.

Reference: [1] Rockwood K, Howlett SE.
Age-related deficit accumulation and the diseases of ageing.
Mech Ageing Dev.
2019 Jun;180:107-116.
doi: 10.
1016/j.
mad.
2019.
04.
005.
Epub 2019 Apr 16.
PMID: 31002924.
[2]https://academic.
oup.
com/eurheartj/advance-article-abstract/doi/10.
1093/eurheartj/ehab850/6462021?redirectedFrom=fulltext[3]Orkaby AR, Nussbaum L, Ho YL et al.
The burden of frailty among US Veterans and its association with mortality, 2002-2012.
J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2019;74:1257–1264.
doi: 10.
1093/gerona/gly232[4]https:// jnnp.
bmj.
com/content/early/2021/12/14/jnnp-2021-327396.
long#ref-9[5]DeClercq V, Duhamel TA, Theou O, et al.
Association between lifestyle behaviors and frailty in Atlantic Canadian males and females.
Arch Gerontol Geriatr2020;91:104207.
[6]Wannamethe SG.
Frailty and increased risk of cardiovascular disease:are we at a crossroad to include frailty in cardiovascular risk assessment in older adults? Eur Heart J.
2021 Dec 22:ehab818.
doi: 10.
1093/eurheartj/ehab818.
Epub ahead of print.
PMID: 34935046.
By Eddie Zhang