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Mice raised in enriched environments are more adaptable and changeable than mice raised in standard cages, but why they exhibit this higher brain plasticity is unclear
This study "provides very interesting new insights into the possible beneficial effects of environmental enrichment on the brain, which may act through the gut
In previous studies, mice raised in what scientists call "enhanced environments"—an environment in which they had more opportunities to explore, interact with others, and live in smaller, more bland cages Mice that received sensory stimuli in a standard laboratory environment were better able to modify their neuronal circuits in response to external stimuli than mice housed in the laboratory
To assess plasticity, the team used monocular deprivation, blocking input to one eye by stitching it together, prompting neurons in the visual cortex to turn to respond to the other eye
In a first step, the researchers analyzed the bacterial profiles present in the guts of mice housed in standard and enriched cages
To investigate whether signals from the gut lead to differences in plasticity, the team depleted the gut microbiota by adding a cocktail of antibiotics to the water of mother mice and their offspring
Finally, the researchers explored the underlying mechanisms of these observations
How the gut microbiota drives changes in dendritic spines is the next question
The next step may require metabolomic or transcriptomic analysis to identify these mediators