Physical and chemical properties and uses of imidazole and thiazole drugs

The main imidazole and thiazole drugs are tetramisole (TMS) and levamisole (LMS), which are broad-spectrum, high-efficiency and low-toxic anthelmintic drugs

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From the chemical properties of thiimidazole and levamisole, both are 6-phenyl-2,3,5,6-tetrahydroimidazole (2,1-b) and have the same chemical structure (see Figure 18-1) , Under general conditions, the physical and chemical properties of the two are the same

Levamisole, also known as Levoimidazole and Levothiimidazole , is commonly used as hydrochloride , chemical formula: C ₁₁ H ₁₂ N ₂ S·HCl, molecular weight: 240.

Figure 18-1 Levamisole and Thiamidazole Structural Formula

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(1) Mechanism of action

Levamisole has an inhibitory effect on the fumarate reductase of a variety of parasites (Ascaris suum, Ascaris gallisepticum, Toxoplasma cat, Dictyodon viviparous, Haemonchus contortus, etc.

In recent years, experiments have also confirmed that levamisole is a ganglion stimulant, that is, the drug can depolarize the nerves and muscles of the worm in a resting state, causing continuous muscle contraction and causing paralysis

(2) Clinical application

Levamisole is effective against Haemonchus, Ostella nematodes in the abdomen of ruminants, Cooperella, Trichotonus, and Nematodes in the small intestine, Etophagous coliforms, Trichodonta nematodes and Ascaris of cattle, sheep Adults of the genus Filamentum have good effects

Levamisole is not only an insecticide, but also an immunomodulator, which can restore the immune function of immune-deficient or immunosuppressed animals, but it has no significant effect on the immune function of the normal body

Thiamidazole has been replaced by levamisole and has few applications

Related links: Determination of linear range and lower limit of 16 benzimidazole drug residues in puffer fish, eels and grilled eels