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1 Physical and chemical properties and uses
Carboamine drugs (sulfonamides, SAs) refer to a general term for a class of drugs with a p-aminobenzenesulfonamide structure, and are a class of chemotherapeutic drugs used to prevent and treat bacterial infectious diseases
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Because its chemical structure is similar to p-aminobenzoic acid (PABA), it can compete for dihydrofolate synthase, which hinders the synthesis of dihydrofolate by bacteria, and ultimately affects the synthesis of nucleic acid and inhibits bacteria
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1.
1 Physical and chemical properties
SAs are generally white or slightly yellow crystalline powder, odorless, and their color will gradually turn yellow when exposed to sunlight for a long time
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SAs are stable in nature and can be stored for several years
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2 Purpose
The antibacterial mechanism of SAs is to inhibit the growth and reproduction of bacteria by inhibiting the synthesis of folic acid
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Bacteria that are sensitive to SAs cannot use the folic acid in the surrounding environment, but can only use PABA, which has a simpler structure than folic acid, to synthesize tetrahydrofolate with the participation of bacterial dihydrofolate synthase and reductase for bacterial growth and reproduction
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2 Metabolism and Toxicology
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1 Metabolism in the body
SAs are metabolized in the body mainly through three ways of acetylation, hydroxylation and binding
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The metabolism of the same SA in different cultured animals is different.
Table 2-1 The physicochemical properties and pharmacokinetic parameters of SAs
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The adverse reactions of SAs are mainly acute poisoning and chronic poisoning
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①Acute poisoning: It usually occurs when the sodium salt is injected intravenously, the speed is too fast or the dose is too large
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