Planting roof waterproof construction process

Planting roofing is a relatively novel form of roofing, in the design, material selection, construction and management and maintenance, we still have a big gap compared with developed countries. How to design a reliable planting roofing system and how to correctly select the planting roofing system materials has become a difficult problem for design and construction personnel. The key to planting roofing system is to ensure that the roof does not leak, most of the roots of various plants have a strong puncture capacity, so the waterproof design of planting roofs is different from the traditional roof waterproofing requirements, the waterproof materials and construction process for planting roofs put forward more stringent requirements
C.
. As the saying goes, "three-point materials, seven-point construction", it can be seen that the quality of the construction process has a great impact on the quality of the project. This article will detail the construction process of waterproofing the roof.1 The structure level of the planting roof
the structure level of the planting roof generally includes the roof structure layer, the slope layer, the insulation layer, the find layer, the ordinary waterproof layer, the root-resistant puncture layer, the row (storage) water layer, the planting medium layer and the vegetation layer. In addition, as needed, the isolation layer, isolation layer and other levels can be set. See Figure 1 for the composition of the various tectonic levels of the planting roof.
2 Construction of various structural levels of planting roofs
2.1 Construction of roofing structures
For the time being, the structural layers of domestic planting roofs are generally reinforced concrete roofs. Reinforced concrete roof is not only a load-bearing structure, but also the last line of defense against water and impermeability. Before pouring concrete, the template should be wettened, timely inspection of the thickness of the protective layer of rebar, should not be too large, too small, to ensure the effective cross-section of the concrete. Concrete should be cast at once molding, pouring should be from top down, vibration from bottom up. Get the mold-breaking time right. The concrete should be pressed twice before the initial coagulation, and patted with a smear, after pressing the light, the concrete surface should be covered with sacks in due course, watering conservation.
2.2 Construction of insulation insulation
board insulation insulation construction, its grass should be flat, dry and clean, dry-paved plate insulation materials, should be firmly attached to the grass, and lay a stable mat Layered laying plates, upper and lower seams should be staggered from each other, and filled with similar materials, paste plate-like insulation
temperature insulation materials, adhesive should be compatible with insulation materials, and adhere to strict, fastened. Spray hard foam polyurethane insulation layer construction, its grass should be flat, dry and clean, the pipe extending the roof should be installed firmly before construction. The ratio of sprayed hard foam polyurethane should be calculated accurately, and the foam thickness should be uniform. The construction environment temperature should be 15 to 30 degrees C, the wind should not be greater than 3 levels, the air relative humidity should be less than 85%. The anti-slip bar of the slope roof insulation layer should be nailed to the structural layer.
2.3 Looking for slope layer (looking for flat layer) construction
looking for flat layer is the grass root of the waterproof layer of paved coil, should provide a flat, dense, strong, can paste the construction foundation. Cement mortar to find flat construction, first clean the roof and spray moisture, the laying of mortar should be carried out from far to near, from high to low procedures. The slope must be laid continuously once in each sub-grid and the slope must be controlled according to the design. Scrape and scrape flat with more than 2 m length, after the mortar has received a little water, use a smear to smooth. After 12 h cover with a straw bag, watering for conservation. For protruding roof structure and pipe roots and other nodes should be made into arcs, cones or cones.
2.4 Construction of ordinary waterproof layer
2.4.1 Basic requirements for the construction of ordinary waterproof layer
The base of the waterproof layer with hot melt or adhesive full of adhesive and waterproof coil should be dry and clean. When the roof slope is less than 15%, the coil should be laid in parallel with the roof ridge, and when the roof slope is greater than 15%, the coil should be laid vertically on the roof ridge. The upper and lower layers of coils must not be laid vertically to each other. Waterproof coils should be sealed with sealing materials compatible with the substrate. The head position of the coil should be fixed by a pressure bar nail. Yin and Yang angle, water drop, protruding roof pipe root, water, trench, eaves, deformation seams and other detailed structure, before the waterproof layer construction should be set up waterproof enhancement layer, its reinforced layer material should be homogene or compatible with a large area waterproof layer material; If the rear-mounted equipment under its base should be added a waterproof enhancement layer, construction must not damage the waterproof layer and protective layer. For the construction environment of waterproof materials, synthetic polymer waterproof coils should not be constructed when the ambient temperature is below 5 degrees C; Waterproof materials are strictly prohibited in rainy days, snow days construction, level 5 wind and above also may not be constructed.
2.4.2 Hot melting method construction of high-lying modified asphalt waterproof coils
When laying the coil should be straight and straight, not distorted, long and short edge of the tie width should not be less than 100 mm; The air below the coil should be immediately excluded and rolled and pasted firmly, the coil seam should be as a degree of modified asphalt that overflows the hot melt, and evenly straightened, and when constructed by strip bonding method, the bonding surface of each coil should not be less than two, and the width of each sheet should not be less than 150 mm.
SBS, APP modified asphalt waterproof coil hot melting method construction points are as follows:
(1) cement mortar to find a flat layer must be solid flat, can not have loose, drumming, surface protruding or serious rough, if the grass level When the degree is not good or sand, it must be rejected treatment, the grass-roots requirements are dry, the water content should be within 9%, before construction should be cleaned, the corner of the application of cement mortar into octagon, drainage and wall pipe and other permeable parts should be enhanced treatment.
(2) apply the base treatment agent on the dry base, requiring it to be applied uniformly and consistently at once.
(3) first put the coil in the correct position, light the spray lamp (the spray lamp is about 0.3 mm from the coil), heat the coil and the base with the spray lamp, heating should be uniform. After melting the surface of the coil, roll forward and finely stitch the seams. In particular, pay attention to the edges and complex parts, to prevent the edges. Double-layer construction process and single-layer approach construction process is basically the same, but when paving the second layer should be staggered with the coil seam, staggered position should not be less than 0.3 m.
(4) waterproof coil heat melt method construction to strengthen safety protection, prevent fire and work-related accidents. High winds and temperatures below -15 degrees Celsius are not suitable for construction. The management of spray lamps, gasoline and kerosene should be strengthened.
2.4.3 Construction of self-adhesive waterproof coils
Before self-adhesive waterproof coils are laid, the grass-roots treatment is the same as in the construction process of SBS and APP modified asphalt waterproof coils. When laying the coil, the isolation paper of the self-adhesive base should be torn clean, the air below the self-adhesive coil should be excluded when paving the coil, and the rolling process should be pasted firmly, the roll sheet should be smooth and straight, can not be distorted, wrinkled, long and short edges should not be less than 100 mm, low temperature construction, the facade, large slope and the lifting part should be heated by a hot air machine, and paste firmly.
Wet paving method self-adhesive waterproof coil construction process is as follows:
(1) grass-roots treatment: grass-roots should be no dust, debris, no sand, powdering, if the grass-roots drying should be sprayed before the construction of moisture, there should be clear water should be removed first.
(2) configuration binder.
(1) If the grass is not looking for a flat layer, you can use 10 to 20 mm cement mortar as a flat layer and binder, cement and coarse sand according to the ratio of 1:2 mechanical stirring. Ingredients can also be added to the cement weight of 15% to 25% polymer emulsion, or cement weight of 2% to 3% of the re-dispersable latex powder, bonding effect is better.
(2) If the base is smooth and flat, polymer cement slurry can be used as a binder.
Formula 1: Cement: Polymer Emulsion: Water: 10 kg: 2 kg: 3 to 3.5 kg
Formula 2: Cement: Can be dispersed latex powder: Water: 10 kg: 0.25 kg: 4 kg
(3) paved coil.
If cement mortar is used as a bonding agent, the coil and adjacent coils are parallel butted, no need to be connected up and down, if polymer cement slurry is used as a bonding agent, single-sided self-adhesive coils can be used as a mating method, but short-sided joints should be laid under the coil seams 150 mm wide double-sided self-adhesive coils, double-sided self-adhesive coils can be used for construction. Daughter wall and other need to do protection of the vertical face position, should use double-sided self-adhesive coil.
cement mortar as a binder, the application of wood smears or rubber plate beat the surface of the coil, the slurry, discharge the air below the coil, so that the coil and cement mortar closely bonded. This process is not required when using polymer cement as a binder. When parallel joining, the coils need to be sealed with a 150mm wide seal, and if the joints are contaminated, they need to be cleaned up. The end of the daughter's wall is secured with a metal bar and sealed with sealant.
2.4.4 Cold-stick construction of synthetic polymer waterproof coils
When paving the coil, the grass adhesive should be painted on the base and the bottom surface of the coil, requiring uniform brushing, the paving coil should be straight, not crease, twist, stretch the coil, should be used roller pressure process to remove the air under the roll, paste firmly, the long and short edge of the coil should not be less than 100 mm, the seams should apply the sealing material sealing.
2.4.5 Synthetic polymer waterproof coatings
Synthetic polymer waterproof coatings can be constructed using scraping or spraying. When using scraping method construction, the direction of the two scrapes is perpendicular to each other, the coating thickness should be uniform. The second coating can only be applied after the first coating has dried. When the roof slope is greater than 15%, it is advisable to use a reaction-cured polymer waterproof coating.
2.5 Construction of the root-resistant puncture waterproof layer
2.5.1 The basic requirements for the construction of the root-resistant puncture waterproof layer
(1) the anti-root puncture waterproof layer should be protected, the requirements are as follows:
(1) When using fine stone concrete as a protective layer, the protective layer should be laid under the isolation layer.
(2) When using cement mortar as a protective layer, a slit should be set, the spacing of the split seam should be 6 m.
(3) When using polyethylene film, polyester nonwovens as a protective layer, should choose the empty paving method of construction, the lifting width should not be less than 200 mm.
(2) for slopes, anti-slip measures must be used.
(3) when the asphalt waterproof coil of the root-resistant thorn waterproof layer is composited with the asphalt waterproof coil of the ordinary waterproof layer, the hot melt method is used for construction. When the polymer waterproof coil of the anti-root thorn waterproof layer and the polymer waterproof coil of the ordinary waterproof layer are composited, the cold-stick method is used for construction, and when the anti-root puncture waterproof material and the ordinary waterproof material cannot be composited, the construction can be made empty.
(4) high-density polyethylene civil film should be hollowed out construction, its lifting width should be 100 mm, the effective weld width of a single weld should not be less than 25 mm, the effective weld width of a double weld should be cavity width plus 20 mm. Welding should be strict, not welding coke, welding through, welding coils should be paved, straight, the cross-section of the face of the coil seam construction should be manual or mechanical welding, the use of mechanical welding, should be applicable to the welding rod matching the pressure welding.
(5) PVC waterproof coils should be paved with cold adhesive method, large areas of the construction using empty paving method, 800 mm from the roof perimeter of the coil should be full of glue with the grass. When the tie-in is constructed with hot air welding, the tie-up width of the long and short sides of the coil should not be less than 100 mm, the effective weld width of a single weld should be 25 mm, and the effective weld width of double welding should be cavity width plus 20 mm.
(6) aluminum tire polyethylene composite waterproof coil should be filled with ordinary waterproof layer sticky or empty. When a coil seam is joined by a double weld, the lifting width should not be less than 100 mm, and the effective weld width of the double weld should be cavity width plus 20 mm.
(7) polyethylene acrylic waterproof coil - polymer cement glue composite waterproof layer construction, its polyethylene acrylic waterproof coil should be laid in double layer. Polymer cement codding material should be prepared according to the requirements, thickness should not be less than 1.3 mm, it is appropriate to use scraping method construction;
2.5.2 The construction process of puncture-resistant waterproof layer
(1) anti-piercing waterproof coil hot melting process is shown in Figure 2.
(2) clean up the grass-roots: the grass-roots pulp, debris measurement clean.
(3) brushing the grass-roots treatment agent: the grass-roots treatment agent generally uses asphalt-based waterproof paint, the grass-roots treatment agent in the roof grass-roots brush once. Requires even brushing, not white dew bottom.
(4) paved coil additional layer: the grass-roots treatment agent dried (about 4h), in the detail of the construction site (such as the plane and facade corner, daughter wall water, out of the roof pipe root, water drop, trench, eaves and other parts) paved a layer of additional layer of coil, its width should not be less than 300mm, the requirements of solid, sticky, no folds. The specific practice of waterproofing the two nodes of the daughter wall and the wall pipe is shown in the figure, the waterproof structure of the daughter wall of the planting roof is shown in Figure 3, and the waterproof structure of the waterproofing of the wall pipe on the planting roof is shown in figure 4.
(5) hot melt paste a large area of puncture-resistant waterproof coil: first in the grass-roots rebound baseline, the coil positioning, re-roll material. Light the spray lamp, bake the bottom surface of the roll and the base junction, so that the bottom edge of the roll modified asphalt melt. Baking coils should be heated back and forth along the width of the coil, side heating, edge of the coil long edge roll forward, and exclude air, so that the coil and the base paste firmly. (Hot melt construction, flame heating should be uniform, construction should pay attention to adjust the size of the flame and the speed of movement.) The distance between the spray gun and the coil surface is controlled from 0.3 to 0.5 m. The coil seam must overflow the melted modified asphalt glue, spill the modified asphalt glue width of about 2mm and even straight and uninterrupted is appropriate). Anti-piercing waterproof coils in the roof and facade corner, daughter wall water and through the wall pipe and other parts to be spread up to the planting soil level 150 mm before the end of the head treatment.
(6) hot-melt sealing edge: the coil is baked with a spray lamp at the seam, and the direction of the flame should be the opposite of the direction of the operator. Should first seal the long edge, then seal the short edge, and finally seal the coil with modified asphalt sealant.