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1.
Simple substance of platinum group elements
The content of platinum series elements in the earth's crust is relatively low, and they are all rare elements.
Together with gold and silver, they are collectively referred to as precious metals
.
Except for the blue-gray color, the other platinum metals are silver-white
All platinum group metals are high melting point metals
.
Density Three platinum group metal in a high period are large, in cm & lt · 20g -3 or more
Table 16-3 Some properties of platinum series elements
Platinum, commonly known as platinum, is a good material for jewelry processing due to its chemical stability, excellent ductility and workability
.
Platinum crucibles can be used to process the reaction of SiO 2 samples with HF
The simple substance of platinum elements are all inert metals, and the most active Pd does not interact with non-oxidizing acids.
Pd slowly dissolves in nitric acid and hot concentrated sulfuric acid
2.
Compounds of platinum group elements
The oxides of platinum-based metals mainly include RuO 2 , RuO 4 , Rh 2 O 3 , RhO 2 , PdO, OsO 2 , OsO 4 , IrO 2 , PiO 2 and the like
.
RuO 4 and OsO 4 are covalent compounds, which are volatile and highly toxic
Among platinum group metals, Os has the most abundant halides, with halides with oxidation states ranging from +2 to +7
.
The stable oxidation state of Ru, Rh and Ir is +3, which can form trihalides with all halogens
The halides of high-value metals are unstable and have strong oxidizing ability
.
PtF 6 is the strongest oxidant known, which can oxidize O 2 to O 2 +[PtF 6 ] - , and oxidize Xe to Xe[PtF 6 ]
Pour CO into the PdCl 2 solution to immediately generate black elemental Pd precipitation, which can be used to identify the presence of CO
.
3.
Platinum series element complexes
Most of the compounds of platinum series elements exist in the form of coordination compounds.
H 2 [PtCl 6 ]·6H 2 O is brown-red crystal, K[Pt(C 2 H 4 )Cl 3 ]·H 2 O(Zeise salt, the first An organometallic compound) is orange-yellow crystals, and the structure is shown in Figure 16-9
.
Pt adopts dsp 2 hybridization, and C 2 H 4 occupies a vertex of a plane quadrilateral
.
Figure 16-9 Structure of [Pt(C 2 H 4 )Cl 3 ] -
Platinum is dissolved in aqua regia to obtain H 2 PtCl 5 , from which other compounds of platinum, such as the slightly soluble salt K 2 PtCl 6 , can be prepared
.
Pt(Ⅱ) four-coordinate complexes generally have a planar quadrilateral structure
.
[PtCl 4 ] 2- is red, [Pt(NH 3 ) 4 ] 2+ and [Pt(CN) 4 ] 2- are colorless
.
[Pt(NH 3 ) 4 ]Cl 2 ·H 2 O is a colorless crystal, while [Pt(NH 3 ) 4 ] [PtC1 4 ] formed by two colorless ions is green
.
Pt(NH 3 ) 2 Cl 2 is yellow, and its cis-isomer is called "cisplatin", which has anti-cancer properties
.
[PdCl 4 ] 2- is brown and Pd(NH 3 ) 2 Cl 2 is yellow
.