PLC, SCADA, frequency converter, sensor...Do you know all these industrial control equipment?

[ Focus on Chemical Machinery Equipment Network ] Industrial control products are an important part of the huge body of the automated factory
.
This article sorts out the top ten indispensable industrial control products in the automated factory and shares with you.
By understanding the powerful functions of each industrial control product, you can feel the beauty of modern technology in the automated factory
.

 

Controller-the brain of an automated factory
 

The controller (English name: controller) refers to the master device that changes the wiring of the main circuit or the control circuit and changes the resistance value in the circuit according to a predetermined sequence to control the start, speed, brake and reverse of the motor
.
It is composed of program counter, instruction register, instruction decoder, timing generator and operation controller.
It is the "decision-making body" that issues orders, that is, it coordinates and directs the operation of the entire computer system
.

 

Factory automation controllers have commonly used PLC, industrial machines
.

 

Programmable logic controller (PLC), which uses a type of programmable memory for its internal storage of programs, executes user-oriented instructions such as logic operations, sequence control, timing, counting and arithmetic operations, and uses digital or analog Input/output control various types of machinery or production processes
.

 

Industrial Control Computer (IPC) is an industrial control computer.
It is a general term for tools that use a bus structure to detect and control the production process, electromechanical equipment , and process equipment
.
Industrial computer has important computer attributes and characteristics, such as computer CPU, hard disk, memory, peripherals and interfaces, and has an operating system, control network and protocol, computing power, and friendly man-machine interface
.
The products and technologies of the industrial control industry are very special and are intermediate products that provide reliable, embedded, and intelligent industrial computers for other industries
.

 

　　Robots-the hands and feet of an automated factory
 

　　Robot (Robot) is a machine device that automatically performs work
.
It can accept human command, run pre-arranged programs, or act according to principles and programs formulated with artificial intelligence technology
.
Its task is to assist or replace human work, such as production, construction, or dangerous work
.
Robots are generally composed of actuators, driving devices, detection devices, control systems, and complex machinery
.

 

　　Industrial robots are generally used in factories.
The most notable features of industrial robots are as follows:
 

　　(1) Programmable
.
The further development of production automation is flexible start-up
.
Industrial robots can be reprogrammed according to the changing needs of their working environment.
Therefore, it can play a very good function in the flexible manufacturing process of small batches and multiple varieties with balanced and high efficiency.
It is an important part of the flexible manufacturing system
.

 

　　(2) Personification
.
Industrial robots have parts similar to human walking, waist rotation, big arms, forearms, wrists, and claws in the mechanical structure, and they are controlled by a computer
.
In addition, intelligent industrial robots have many human-like "biological sensors ", such as skin-type contact sensors, force sensors, load sensors, vision sensors, acoustic sensors, language functions, and so on
.
Sensors improve the adaptive ability of industrial robots to the surrounding environment
.

 

　　(3) Universality
.
In addition to specially designed dedicated industrial robots, general industrial robots have better versatility when performing different tasks
.
For example, changing the hand end manipulators (claws, tools, etc.
) of an industrial robot can perform different tasks
.

 

　　(4) Extensiveness
.
Industrial machine technology involves a wide range of disciplines, which can be summed up as a combination of mechanics and microelectronics-mechatronics technology
.
The third-generation intelligent robot not only has various sensors to obtain external environmental information, but also has artificial intelligence such as memory ability, language understanding ability, image recognition ability, reasoning and judgment ability.
These are the applications of microelectronics technology, especially computer technology.
The application is closely related
.
Therefore, the development of robotics technology will inevitably drive the development of other technologies, and the development and application level of robotics technology can also verify the development level of a country's science and technology and industrial technology
.

 

　　Servo motors-the muscles of automated factories
 

　　Servomotor (servomotor) refers to the engine that controls the operation of mechanical components in the servo system, and is an auxiliary motor indirect speed change device
.

 

　　The servo motor can control the speed and position accuracy very accurately, and can convert the voltage signal into torque and speed to drive the control object
.
The rotor speed of the servo motor is controlled by the input signal and can respond quickly.
In the automatic control system, it is used as an actuator, and has the characteristics of small electromechanical time constant, high linearity, and starting voltage.
It can control the received electrical signal Converted into angular displacement or angular velocity output on the motor shaft
.
Divided into two categories of DC and AC servo motors, its main feature is that there is no rotation when the signal voltage is zero, and the speed decreases at a uniform speed with the increase of torque
.

 

　　The servo system (servomechanism) is an automatic control system that enables the output controlled quantity of the object's position, orientation, and state to follow the arbitrary change of the input target (or given value)
.
Servo is mainly positioned by pulses.
Basically, it can be understood that when the servo motor receives 1 pulse, it will rotate the angle corresponding to 1 pulse to achieve displacement.
Because the servo motor itself has the function of sending pulses, so every time the servo motor has the function of sending out pulses, Rotating an angle, the corresponding number of pulses will be sent out.
In this way, the pulses received by the servo motor are echoed, or called a closed loop.
In this way, the system will know how many pulses have been sent to the servo motor and how many pulses have been received back at the same time.
, In this way, the rotation of the motor can be controlled very accurately, so as to achieve precise positioning
.

 

　　Sensors-the sense of touch for automated factories
 

　　A sensor (English name: transducer/sensor) is a detection device that can feel the information being measured, and can transform the sensed information into electrical signals or other required forms of information output according to a certain rule to meet the information Requirements for transmission, processing, storage, display, recording, and control
.
It is the first link to realize automatic detection and automatic control
.

 

　　In modern industrial production, especially in automated production processes, various sensors are used to monitor and control various parameters in the production process, so that the equipment works in normal or optimal conditions, and the products reach the best quality
.
Therefore, without many excellent sensors, modern production has lost its foundation
.

 

　　Sensors have already penetrated into such a wide range of fields as industrial production, space development, ocean exploration, environmental protection, resource investigation, medical diagnosis, biological engineering, and even cultural relic protection
.
It is no exaggeration to say that from the vast space, to the vast ocean, to all kinds of complex engineering systems, almost every modern project is inseparable from a variety of sensors
.

 

　　Inverter-the cerebellum of an automated factory
 

　　A frequency converter (Variable-frequencyDrive, VFD) is a power control device that uses frequency conversion technology and microelectronics technology to control an AC motor by changing the frequency of the motor's working power supply
.
The frequency converter is mainly composed of rectifier (AC to DC), filtering, inverter (DC to AC), braking unit, drive unit, detection unit and micro-processing unit
.
The inverter adjusts the voltage and frequency of the output power supply by breaking the internal IGBT, and provides the required power supply voltage according to the actual needs of the motor, thereby achieving the purpose of energy saving and speed regulation.
In addition, the inverter has many protection functions.
, Such as overcurrent, overvoltage, overload protection and so on
.

 

　　The inverter output is a PWM wave, which contains more high-order harmonics
.
The frequency conversion power sensor performs AC sampling on the input voltage and current signals, and then transfers the sampled value to the digital input frequency conversion power analyzer through the cable, optical fiber and other transmission systems.
The digital input frequency conversion power analyzer performs the sampling value of the voltage and current.
By calculation, parameters such as voltage RMS, current RMS, fundamental voltage, fundamental current, harmonic voltage, harmonic current, active power, fundamental power, and harmonic power can be obtained
.

 

　　Solenoid valve-the veins of automated factories
 

　　Electromagnetic valve (Electromagnetic valve) is an industrial equipment controlled by electromagnetic.
It is an automation basic component used to control fluid.
It belongs to actuator and is not limited to hydraulic and pneumatic
.
Used in industrial control systems to adjust the direction, flow, speed and other parameters of the medium
.
The solenoid valve can cooperate with different circuits to achieve the desired control, and the accuracy and flexibility of the control can be guaranteed
.
There are many solenoid valves, of solenoid valves of different role in a different position control system, the most common one-way valve, safety valve, directional control valves, adjustable valves and the like
.

 

　　There is a closed cavity in the solenoid valve with through holes at different positions.
Each hole is connected to a different oil pipe.
In the middle of the cavity is a piston.
There are two electromagnets on both sides.
Which side of the magnet coil will be attracted to the valve body when it is energized.
On the other hand, by controlling the movement of the valve body to open or close the different oil discharge holes, and the oil inlet is normally open, the hydraulic oil will enter the different oil discharge pipes, and then the piston of the cylinder is pushed by the oil pressure.
Drive the piston rod, and the piston rod drives the mechanical device
.
In this way, the mechanical movement is controlled by controlling the current on and off of the electromagnet
.

 

　　Industrial camera-the eyes of an automated factory
 

　　The industrial camera is a key component of the machine vision system.
Its most essential function is to convert the optical signal into an orderly electrical signal of the AFT-808 small high-definition industrial camera
.
Choosing the right camera is also an important part of the design of a machine vision system.
The camera not only directly determines the resolution and quality of the collected images, but is also directly related to the operating mode of the entire system
.

 

　　Compared with traditional civilian cameras (cameras), industrial cameras have high image stability, high transmission capacity and high anti-interference ability.
Most industrial cameras on the market are cameras based on CCD or CMOS chips
.

 

　　Industrial cameras are generally installed on the machine assembly line to replace the human eye for measurement and judgment.
The digital image capture target is converted into an image signal and sent to a dedicated image processing system.
The image system performs various operations on these signals to extract the characteristics of the target.
Furthermore, according to the result of the discrimination, the operation of the on-site equipment is controlled
.

 

　　Instrumentation-the pulse of an automated factory
 

　　Instrumentation (English: instrumentation) Instrumentation is an appliance or equipment used to detect, measure, observe, and calculate various physical quantities, material components, and physical parameters
.
Vacuum leak detectors, pressure gauges, length gauges, microscopes, multipliers, etc.
are all instruments and meters
.
Broadly speaking, instruments and meters can also have functions such as automatic control, alarm, signal transmission, and data processing.
For example, pneumatic adjustment instruments and electric adjustment instruments used in automatic control of industrial production processes, as well as distributed instrument control systems, also belong to Instrumentation
.

 

　　Because of the improvement of microelectronics skills, instrumentation products are further integrated with micro processor and PC skills, and the digitization and intelligence of instrumentation have been improved from time to time
.
Many new devices such as VLSI, surface mount technology (SMT), multi-layer circuit board printing, wafer planning integration (WSI) and multi-chip module (MCM) are used in the instrumentation.
CAD Computer-assisted tactics such as CAM, CAPP, CAT, etc.
have enabled new skills such as multimedia skills, human-computer interaction, trance control, and artificial neuron collection to be commonly used in modern instruments
.

 

　　In an automated factory, various instruments and meters need to be used, such as measuring pressure, liquid level, flow, temperature and other parameter values ​​required by the control process, and related instruments and meters are needed
.

 

　　Automation Software-The Thinking of an Automated Factory
 

　　Automation software plays an important role in industrial systems.
Its main role is to schedule and automate the production process.
The rapid development of industrial control systems in technology, industry, and applications has gradually become highly integrated, intelligent, and networked.
Development trends and characteristics
.
Because the industrial control system's integrated management and control trend control engineering network is copyrighted, the industrial control system is connected with the traditional IT management system and the Internet, and more and more common software, common hardware and common protocols are used internally
.
The more common is the SCADA automation software system
.

 

　　The so-called SCADA automation system is what we call a data acquisition and monitoring system
.
It is mainly supported by computer technology and is a system for scheduling and automatic control of various production processes
.
At present, SCADA software not only plays an important role in data collection and supervision and control of petroleum, chemical and other industries, but also is widely used in the supervision of water conservancy and electric power industry
.
SCADA automation software can automatically monitor production for a long time without being supervised, and obtain effective information and data from it, providing a powerful evaluation reference for supervisory managers
.

 

　　Control Cabinet-Armor of Automated Factory
 

　　The control cabinet is to assemble the switchgear, measuring instruments, protective appliances and auxiliary equipment in a closed or semi-enclosed metal cabinet or on the screen according to the electrical wiring requirements.
The layout should meet the requirements of the normal operation of the power system, which is convenient for maintenance and does not endanger people.
And the safety of surrounding equipment
.
During normal operation, the circuit can be switched on or off by means of manual or automatic switches
.
In the event of malfunction or abnormal operation, the circuit will be cut off or alarmed with the help of protective appliances
.
The measuring instrument can display various parameters in operation, and can also adjust some electrical parameters to prompt or signal deviations from normal working conditions
.
Commonly used in various power generation, distribution and substations
.

 

　　Control cabinets include many types, including electrical control cabinets, frequency conversion control cabinets, low voltage control cabinets, high voltage control cabinets, water pump control cabinets, power control cabinets, explosion-proof control cabinets, elevator control cabinets, PLC control cabinets, fire control cabinets, brick machines control cabinet
.

 

　　The automation factory involves electrical, frequency conversion, power supply, water pump, etc.
control cabinets.
Different control cabinets are selected according to different needs to realize different control functions
.

 

　　Original title: PLC, SCADA, inverter, sensor.
.
.
Do you know all these industrial control equipment?