PNAS: Break the traditional cognition! Lipids or play a key role in the on-the-go development of Parkinson's disease!

24, 2020 // -- In a recent study published in the international journal Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, scientists from institutions such as the McLean Hospital found that lipid changes in a class of key brain cells may play a key role in inflammation and Parkinson's disease, and the results are expected to help develop new treatments for Parkinson's disease.
Photo Source: McLean Hospital researcher Oeystein R. Brekk points out that in this study we have revealed the importance of co-use, storage, and transport of lipids between different types of brain cells in Parkinson's disease, as well as the molecular mechanisms that balance cell lipids, especially neutral lipids, and there are many shortcomings in understanding the key role that lipids play in neurodegenerative diseases.
However, researchers are well aware of the use of lipids in cells and their effects on other organs, such as many people know that lipids play a key role in increasing the risk of cardiovascular disease, and like the cardiovascular disease model, the researchers based on animal models of Parkinson's disease and lipid-induced Parkinson's disease also revealed pathological processes of lipid dependence in the brain, which means that researchers can clearly observe abnormal lipid function and increased levels of neurologic inflammation in the body. In the
study, researchers observed congenital lipid changes in dopamine-energy neurons and other nearby brain glial cells, such as small glial cells and astrological glial cells in the brains of patients with Parkinson's disease, especially small glial cells and astrological glial cells, which exhibit abnormal patterns of intracellular paper storage, which are directly related to the significant accumulation of lipids in dopamine-energy neurons, the most susceptible brain cells in the course of the disease.
researchers said there was a statistical correlation between overall lipid triglyceride levels and levels of lipid-induced inflammatory stress markers in brain tissue in patients with Parkinson's disease, and in an experimental animal model that simulated Parkinson's disease, the researchers observed a very similar image of brain cells and pathology, which is directly related to the loss of enzyme function in the glucosin glycosidease gene, which may lead to the accumulation of glycolipids.
the researchers point out that small glial cells, which largely control the function of macrophages and immune cells in the brain, may load more lipids during the progression of Parkinson's disease, while star-shaped glial cells that normally support lipid maintenance lose some of their lipids, while neurons are in a reverse linear manner compared to surrounding astrological glial cells. Accumulation of lipids, the study suggests, may have a statistically significant correlation with a molecule called GPNMB, a stress-immune response molecule associated with astrological glial cells, which usually suppress certain inflammatory signals that are directly related to lipid accumulation and total triglyceride levels in the black body region of the brain. 'It's worth noting that we were able to simulate these findings in parkinson's disease and healthy aging individuals, and that the interaction between small glial cells and astrocytes in susceptible brain regions (or blocking lipid breakdown path paths in cellular lysosomes) may be a strong risk factor for Parkinson's disease in the population,' said
researcher Ole Isacson.
The findings in this paper support scientists' hypothesis about lipid inflammation during the on occurrence and progression of Parkinson's disease, which may help researchers develop new targeted therapies by revealing the pathological manifestations of Parkinson's disease, which may partly move away from traditional cognitions that are limited to neurons and protein accumulation.
Next, the researchers will continue to delve deeper into how the interactions between lipid cells in the brain become adaptive and pathological over time, and how this cellular mechanism induces Parkinson's disease and Louisian dementia.
() Original source: Oeystein Roed Brekk, Jonathan R. Honey, Seungil Lee, et al. Cell type-specific lipid storage changes in Parkinson's disease patient brains are recapitulated by experiment glycolipid disturbance, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (2020). DOI:10.1073/pnas.2003021117