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In 2015, a global outbreak of Zika virus infection caused hundreds of babies to be born with brain malformations.
virus is a insect-borne virus belonging to the genus yellow virus, mainly through the Aedes aegypti mosquito.
was first isolated from a rhesus monkey with fever symptoms in a Zika forest in Uganda, Africa, as early as 1947, so it was named Zika.
more than 70 years, there have been few studies related to the Zika virus because the symptoms caused by the virus were mild and receding faster.
However, in 2015-2016, the Zika virus suddenly broke out in Brazil, the United States and Southeast Asia, quickly spreading to 61 countries and regions around the world, and was closely linked to the rapid increase in cases of foetal abortion, neonatal microcephaly, Gran Barre syndrome, and so on.
2016, the World Health Organization listed the Zika virus as a global public health emergency.
this has given a big boost to Research on the Zika virus, but so far there is no effective treatment or vaccine to fight it.
recently, teams such as the National Institutes of Health published a research paper in the journal PNAS entitled: candidates for the Zika virus by Therapeutic by high-screen for Zika protease.
team tested more than 10,000 compounds using advanced drug screening techniques to find a cure for Zika infection.
surprised them, they found that the widely used antibiotic methacycline was effective in preventing brain infections in mice and reducing neurological problems associated with the Zika virus.
, they found that drugs originally designed to fight Alzheimer's disease and inflammation may also help fight infection.
the study, researchers looked for drugs that blocked virus replication by blocking the activity of a Zika virus protease called NS2B-NS3, and bio-screened small molecule inhibitors.
virus is like a protein capsule, carrying a long list of RNA-coded instructions to make more viral proteins.
infection, the virus injects RNA into cells to produce these proteins, which are struted side by side, like components in a plastic airplane model assembly.
, the NS2B-NS3 protease cuts off every protein, all of which is essential for assembling new viral particles.
to find a candidate drug, the team created a test to assess the drug's ability to block the activity of the NS2B-NS3 Zika virus protease in a petri dish containing hundreds of tiny test tubes.
each trial is tailored to a different screening or screening technique.
, they use these analysis methods to test thousands of candidate libraries stored in three separate libraries at the same time.
team virtually screened 138,000 compounds using quantitative structural activity relationship models, increasing the identification of active compounds and reducing screening time and resources.
candidate inhibitors have been proven to be effective in several viral infection trials.
small molecules with good clinical performance, especially the protease-activated protein inhibitor MK-591, can inhibit infection with Zika virus proteases and neural stem cells.
antibiotics are more effective at suppressing Zika virus infection than proteases, suggesting that they may have multiple mechanisms of action.
a preliminary screening of 2,000 compounds suggests that commonly used antibiotic drugs, such as methicillin, may be effective in blocking proteases.
methicillin is a semi-synthetic tetrycline with broad-spectrum antibacterial activity.
antibacterial mechanism is the same as that of tyrencline, and the antibacterial effect is stronger than that of tyrencline.
is highly efficient and long-lasting.
same time, large-scale screening of more than 10,000 compounds helped identify an anti-inflammatory drug under study, MK-591, and a failed anti-Alzheimer's drug, JNJ-404, as potential candidates.
a virtual screening of more than 130,000 compounds is also used to help identify candidate compounds.
, the researchers input other screening results into computers and then used artificial intelligence-based programs to understand what makes a compound that works well to block the activity of the NS2B-NS3 Zika virus protease.
zika virus infection can have serious consequences for some patients.
if an infection occurs during pregnancy, congenital abnormalities may occur.
addition, the incidence of Greenbali syndrome, encephalitis and spinal corditis is associated with Zika virus infection.
has identified a number of small molecules with good clinical characteristics, including MK-591, a five-lipid oxygenase-activated protein inhibitor that is an inhibitor of Zika virus infection, and methylancin, a fourcycline antibiotic that reduces neurodeficiency in Zika virus mouse models.
these compounds may be used to prevent or treat neurological complications of Zika virus infection.
zika virus gives priority to stem cells in the brain.
that's why infections do more harm to newborns than adults.
that cultured neural stem cells in petri dishes suggest that all three drugs identified in this study may have counteracted these problems.
treatment of cells with methicillin, MK-591 or JNJ-404 can reduce Zika virus infection.
Since tyrencline, a drug approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA), is known to pass through the placenta of pregnant women, researchers focused on methylancin and found that it may reduce some of the neurodevelopmental problems caused by the Zika virus.
, for example, newborn mice infected with zika virus were better balanced and more likely to turn over after receiving methicillin.
brain tests showed that this was because antibiotics reduced infections and nerve damage.
, antibiotics do not fully offset the damage caused by the Zika virus.
infected with the virus had a lower body weight than the control group, but this was not related to the use of methadlanin.
these results suggest that tyrencline-based antibiotics may be effective at least in preventing neurological problems associated with Zika virus infection, and given their widespread use, it is expected that their potential will be tested in clinical trials as soon as possible.
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