PNAS: Let the new crown vaccine "ride the wind and waves"? Red Blood Cells Unlock New Skills!

The global pandemic of the !-----crown virus has rapidly advanced the vaccine development process in various countries, with new results emerging, the main components of the vaccine include antigens, adjulateants, fungicides and inactivators, the adjorizer mainly plays the role of antigen delivery, antigen targeting and storage, when it is mixed with antigen into the body, can enhance the body's immune response against the original, and it is not antigenthe safety ofadjuatives is a very important and easy to overlookclinical design, it is necessary to take full account of the adverse reactions caused by adjunics, adjunics and vaccine useIn addition, foreign adjures delivered with antigens must be fully clinically safe trials for each new vaccine, which is part lying for the time-consuming development of vaccines todayin response to this problem, on July 14th researchers, led by Harvard University's Wyss Institute for Biological Inspirationengineering and the John APaulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, found that the innate immune function of red blood cells allowed them to transmit antigens to the spleen as vectors, resulting in an immune responsethe technique can trigger a strong vaccination response without external adjuzers, the findings were published in the journal PNASwe know that red blood cells account for more than 80% of human cells, and its main role is to transport oxygen from the lungs to organs, but in addition, it is also an "active member of the innate immune system" that helps the body fight infectionred blood cells naturally capture certain bacterial pathogens in the cycle, kill them with oxidative stress, and then present the antigen to the cells in the spleen (APC) to produce an immune responseHow dored blood cells transport antigens to the spleen? The use of red blood cells as a means of drug delivery is not a new idea, but previously the technology has been aimed at the lungsthe spleen is one of the best target organs to produce an immune response because it is one of the few organs in which red blood cells interact naturally with white blood cellsnew study, researchers tried to use red blood cells to transport antigens to the spleenthis is extremely challenging because close contact with the endothelial in the capillaries of the lungs squeezes red blood cells, causing the "goods" carried by the red blood cells to be cut off in the lungs reducing lung intake is essential for red blood cells carrying nanoparticles to escape to the lungs and transport them to other organs such as the spleen first, researchers need to figure out how to make antigens stick firmly enough to red blood cells they were using a packet of egg-clearing proteins ,antigens that cause a mild immune response) to be polystyrene acetate, producing nanoparticles attached to red blood cells then, it is necessary to reduce lung intake so that red blood cells can transport the "goods" smoothly to the spleen researchers found that when nanoparticles are 300:1, red blood cells can quickly pass the "goods" to the spleen while resisting lung removal Can antigens carried by red blood cells loaded with nanoparticles induce an immune response? After determining that nanoparticles have been successfully delivered to the spleen in the body, the researchers then need to evaluate whether the antigens on the nanoparticles' surfaces can induce an immune response they injected mice once a week with red blood cells loaded with nanoparticles for three weeks, then analyzed their spleen cells results showed that the mice in the treatment group showed 8 times more antigen-experienced T cells and 2.2 times more than mice that were given "free" nanoparticles or untreated mice this suggests that the technique can induce a higher serum protein-specific immune response , there was no obvious cellular immunity in lung tissue, indicating that the spleen transport and subsequent systemic effects were more pronounced Can an antigen-induced immune response carried by red blood cells carried by an antigen-induced immune response nanoparticles deliver edited to the spleen to prevent or treat diseases? The team gave the mice a three-week preventive injection and then inoculated them with lymphoma cells that expressed egg-clearing protein on the surface mice that received red blood cell-carrying antigens grew about three times slower and had fewer cancer cells to survive than the control group and the free nanoparticle group notable, the mice in the treatment group remained tumor-free throughout the study this technique significantly increases the tumor's index, increasing the chances of other strategies for treatment interventions the immunotherapy role of red blood cells carrying nanoparticles opens new doors to the development of disease prevention and treatment using human cells adjugate therapy based on human "self" cells is a unique way to advance vaccine development red blood cell delivery has been used for centuries, and their ability to enhance immune response seiswells can be made a safe alternative to foreign adjunics, thereby increasing vaccine effectiveness and faster production we look forward to this study advancing the process of adjuvants and vaccines and making vaccines safer and more effective, especially in response to the global pandemic of the new crown epidemic, which may help to find an early way to combat the virus." .