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Generally, hydrogen halide is prepared from halide or halogen as raw material, and the following methods can be adopted
.
1.
Halide reacts with hard-to-volatile concentrated acid
Concentrated sulfuric acid reacts directly with solid halides and can be used to prepare HF and HCI
.
The important reason for using concentrated sulfuric acid is that sulfuric acid is difficult to volatilize, and the generated hydrogen halide gas product is relatively pure; hydrogen halide is easily soluble in water, while the water content of concentrated sulfuric acid is low, and the generated hydrohalic acid is volatilized as much as possible
.
Concentrated sulfuric acid is oxidizing and cannot be used to prepare reducing HBr and HI.
Non-oxidizing concentrated phosphoric acid can be used instead of concentrated sulfuric acid to prepare HBr and HI
2.
Direct combination of halogen and hydrogen
Industrially, Cl 2 and H 2 are directly combined to prepare HC1
.
The specific operation is to burn H 2 in Cl 2 and absorb the generated HCl with water to obtain hydrochloric acid
H 2 +Cl 2 =2HC1
Although the direct reaction between F 2 and H 2 is quite complete, the reaction is too violent and difficult to control, so the direct method is not used to prepare HF
.
However, Br 2 or I 2 reacts slowly with H 2 and the reaction is incomplete, so this method cannot be used to prepare HBr and HI
3.
Halide hydrolysis
The halide hydrolysis method is commonly used in laboratories to prepare HBr and HI
.
PBr 3 and PI 3 are strongly hydrolyzed to produce phosphorous acid and the corresponding hydrogen halide
The total response is