Pretending to be a doctor and holding a corpse for a price: Why have black ambulances been inundated for decades?

In 2010, after successful heart surgery at Tongji Hospital in Wuhan, Zhang Huagang was ready to transfer back to his hometown to continue treatment.
Doctors in particular to account for the family, to ambulance transport, to have a doctor and nurse accompanied, Zhang Huagang's wife should be downstairs, in the hospital surgery downstairs, she found an ambulance with red cross, alarm lights, the other side promised that there will be medical staff accompanied.
she and the other side set a price of 2000 yuan.
didn't expect Zhang Huagang on the road sudden illness, the car not only no medical staff, but also no first aid facilities, the driver saw the wrong, directly pulled out the car keys, left the patient ran away.
huagang died after spending two hours in the hot summer.
10 years, a row of vans parked in front of Tongji Hospital in Wuhan.
The vans were open to the door, revealing the transformed inner-ri: grey stretchers, old oxygen cylinders, and no one to pull out, but the signs hanging out of the car were clearly written with the words "transit."
2020, a picture of a black ambulance at the entrance of Tongji Hospital in Wuhan was taken by herself posing as a doctor and holding a corpse for a price: Black Ambulance Chaos 2015, according to the China Business Daily, Ms. Zhang of Qingyang, Gansu Province, suffered a brain haemorrhage and was rushed to Xi'an, where she was taken to a triple-A hospital at 12 noon on the same day.
recommended immediate surgery, but the cost of the operation was as high as $3.4 million, and after consideration, the family finally decided to return to Gansu for "conservative treatment".
but the hospital's ambulance was out of the city, and the family asked the uniformed "security guard" at the hospital gate, who immediately said they could call an ambulance and immediately call the vehicle.
but it wasn't until the ambulance arrived that the family finally realized something was wrong - it was a grey business car.
: CCTV screenshots show no infusion devices in the car, but comes with a "doctor."
is less than 300 kilometers from Xi'an to Qingyang, and the owner's price is 7000 yuan.
family price is not, then intend not to use, but the other side came to six or seven lads.
the family had to continue consultations with the owner, the "doctor" visit fee from 2000 yuan to 1500 yuan.
The owner of the car said in the past that the doctor who visited the hospital was not the doctor who came to see the doctor, so Ms. Zhang's family did not check the doctor's practising certificate, and after paying the fee, the owner did not issue any bills.
However, on the way, Ms. Zhang tragically passed away seriously, and the owner of the car, while her family was grieving, demanded that the family pay an additional $1000 "sterilization fee" to continue driving, citing "people dying in the car".
unlike regular ambulances of a public interest nature, black ambulances have been labeled "profit-for-profit" since their inception, and in a regulatory "vacuum" environment, operational actions are bound to reduce costs indefinitely in order to maximize profits.
CCTV footage shows that some black ambulances look almost as good on the outside as real ambulances, almost all of which have a stretcher bed and an old oxygen cylinder, and that black ambulance drivers even claim oxygen cylinders can replace ventilators in regular ambulances.
, the unregulated black ambulances are operating in an all-out effort to make a profit.
in accordance with the Regulations of the Eight Ministries of the State on the Administration of the Transport of Dead Bodies, the bodies of persons who die in different places shall, in principle, be dealt with in place and as soon as possible.
if there are special circumstances that need to be shipped to other places, the family members of the deceased shall apply to the funeral administration department at or above the county level and, with consent and certificate, be transported by a special vehicle of the funeral home.
affected by the concept of "leaf falling back to the root", the family hopes to bring the deceased back home, in order to save the province, many families contact the black ambulance evacuation.
black ambulances will use infusions, ice packs and other means to forge the patient's remaining illusions, illegally transport the remains to the field.
, according to Phoenix.com in 2008, Chen Qiang (a lithon) who works at Longfeng Funeral Home in Changchun City, said the phenomenon of black ambulances competing with regular funeral vehicles for the source of corpses is becoming more and more serious.
the rules, funeral home vehicles are not allowed to transport bodies to foreign countries, in which case black ambulances begin to carry out their own work, but their safety is difficult to ensure.
black ambulances pull infectious disease patients and then children, and even "live dead people pull a car", disinfection is not in place, very easy to produce cross-infection.
is frightening that these black ambulances will not only be able to drive into the hospital, but will even be able to enter the ICU unobstructed to see patients.
many black ambulances have claimed that they will also be staffed with doctors and nurses, making patients' families more convinced that black ambulances are "regular vehicles in hospitals".
According to the "President of the Chinese Hospital", Wuhan City News Kang called the doctor first aid station director Xiong Jianzhu believes that the biggest hidden danger of black ambulances is that the accompanying personnel are not qualified to work, the patient's life safety is not guaranteed.
in order to grab greater benefits, even bold black car owners put on white coats, posing as medical personnel, and claimed: do more, anything will be.
reporter secretly visited the black ambulance, talking about the patients who died in the car, practitioners even laughed out loud picture source: CCTV screenshots of the decade: why can't black ambulances be eradicated? As early as 2010, Wuhan Tongji Hospital black ambulance time occurred, the Central People's Radio reporter immediately carried out a continuous follow-up report on the matter, causing national concern.
Then Vice Premier Li Keqiang personally issued instructions, Wuhan City also issued an urgent notice, requiring health, transportation, car management to carry out joint operations to severely investigate and punish black ambulances, but the health, transportation, car management departments believe that black ambulances are not within their jurisdiction.
the three-day joint operation ended up with only one black ambulance, according to the China Hospital Director.
after the joint investigation, Wuhan's black ambulance business did not disappear, but from public pull to "hidden waiting."
is the intricate chain of interests behind black ambulances that corresponds to weak tactics.
2019, the police broke up the "black ambulance" gang, which had been operating for 10 years and monopolized post-hospital transfer operations, at the First Hospital affiliated with Harbin Medical University.
a month and a half after the attack, the Nangang Division beat up another similar gang near the Oncology Hospital affiliated with Harbin Medical University.
nearly a decade of news coverage, black ambulances across the country have formed almost a fixed pattern of behavior.
Black ambulances often cooperate with hospital security and carers to introduce services for patients in urgent need of discharge and evacuation, and then black ambulances receive orders and return them to the introducers, which are drawn differently from place to place, but the overall range is between 20% and 30%.
wool out of sheep, black ambulances often falsely claim that "regular ambulances charge more" and even threaten and intimidate patients' families and regular ambulances.
once the patient is in the car, the family is at their mercy, and black ambulances are able to raise prices en route, or charge high "care fees" or even carcasses.
at this time the family out of the people's psychology, they often pay money.
under this system, patients and their families are often targeted by black ambulance gangs from the moment they enter the intensive care unit.
2019 report by the Beijing News, the black ambulance gang not only sends advertising cards, with the help of the inside, but also collects information about the discharge of patients and keeps them informed of the group's schedule and dispatchers.
outside the group were blocked out by hitmen and hospital security guards who collaborated with the ambulance gang.
from the books, in only half a year, Harbin Medical University attached a team of "black ambulance" made 470,000 yuan.
According to Fuzhou news, black ambulances have gradually moved from retail to corpeditization, many team registration companies, in the name of "operating rehabilitation equipment", in large hospitals to divide the sphere of influence, with medical staff, security guards through a considerable number of rebates, forming a gray chain of interests.
in Beijing, Shanghai and other large cities rich in medical resources, and even long-term control of foreign license plates of the black ambulance gang, some even hung in the name of other hospitals "regular ambulances."
Xinxin Network 2019 has revealed that Zhengzhou ambulance privately pick up, compared to the normal out of the car, the price per kilometer of private transport has also increased from 5 yuan to 10 yuan, if medical personnel are required to accompany, Zheng Dayian hospital doctors 1000 yuan at a time, other hospital doctors 500 yuan.
2019, the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection asked, "Black Ambulance" for 10 years, do not know or do not care? Photo Source: Screenshots from the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection believe that black ambulances are poorly disguised, easy to distinguish, and growing at an extremely fast rate, often adding dozens of vehicles at once, including hospitals, the authorities should obviously be aware of the number of regular local ambulances.
addition, from the police station transferred from the hospital 10 years of alarm records, foreign ambulances to pick up patients when people encounter threats, conflict, vehicles were smashed tires and other cases occur.
black ambulance team behind the umbrella platform support, some local departments do not act, do not assume.
are not surprised that patients are being pitted for spending more money, that they are threatened with abuse, that they are not surprised, and that they are not surprised until the conflict escalates and public opinion clamors.
the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection, looking at the governance of "black ambulances" reports around the country is not difficult to find: not know also, is not also.
Ambulance Emergency Reported that after the police beat down a gang of black ambulances attached to the hospital, they were surprised to find that many victims of black ambulances were reluctant to testify.
of the victims said they had asked 120 for help and were looking for a formal ambulance to transport them, but 120 was unable to provide services in a timely manner.
victims said that although the black ambulance charges high, but after all, in time to appear, to solve their own urgent needs.
demand naturally has a market, non-medical transport links of the huge gap, is also the main reason why black ambulances are repeatedly banned.
Basic Standards for Medical Institutions (Trial), issued in 1994, requires one ambulance for every 50,000 people, and many cities do not have the required number of ambulances.
February 2020, the Wuhan Emergency Center said in an interview with CCTV that before the outbreak, there were only 57 ambulances in Wuhan.
based on the Wuhan Municipal Bureau of Statistics' resident population of 11.08 million in 2018, The city of Wuhan has an ambulance for every 194,000 people, and its capacity is far from enough.
: CCTV screenshots and in Beijing, with a population of 20 million, the number of emergency vehicles in 2012 was more than 600, close to planning standards, according to the Health Bureau.
quantity is up to standard, in the actual use of the process, because ambulances need turnover, maintenance, only to maintain planning standards is far from enough.
, according to Fan Da, deputy director of the Beijing Municipal Emergency Center, the director of the China Hospital, many vehicles have been unable to get on the road for long periods of time because of a lack of maintenance funds, and only half of the ambulances actually run.
2013, the Beijing Municipal Health Bureau announced the Beijing Municipal Ambulance Management Measures, which stipulates that Beijing's pre-hospital ambulances will be equipped according to the standard of 1 vehicle per 30,000 population.
in the area of non-medical transport, the shortage of ambulance capacity is more common.
under the Measures for the Administration of Pre-hospital Medical First Aid, the statutory duties of ambulances include pre-hospital first aid, but do not cover evacuation.
most vehicles are sent on more urgent first aid tasks rather than evacuations in situations of tension.
, according to the Beijing News, family members can try to make 120 emergency calls, but the other side heard the address in the hospital, nine out of ten will not get out of the car.
long-term absence of regular ambulance services during transport, making patients more likely to contact black ambulances during transport.
, hospitals and doctors are not very motivated to "non-medical evacuation" and are the main reasons for the proliferation of black ambulances.
ambulances are not cost-effective for some hospitals.
2020, ambulances in some cities were notified by 120, but were managed by hospitals and were self-financing, the Legal Daily reported in 2020.
are often the result of ambulance "emptying", hospital-run ambulances are chronically losing money and ambulance staff are paid the lowest salaries in the department.
there have been doctors told Lilac Garden, he is located in a triple-A hospital, patients are often self-contact with the doctor, and bear the cost, non-medical evacuation is not part of the daily work, the doctor needs to leave the car to the hospital.
"Busy are busy dead, not relatives and friends, who took this risk ah?" At the end of 2013, the regular army entered the city, according to the Shenzhen Business Daily, Shenzhen is developing the "Shenzhen non-emergency medical evacuation work management measures", to access standards, service processes, charging standards, punishment mechanisms and other institutionalization, so that enterprises interested in entering the market have rules to follow, there are laws to follow.
In this reform and opening-up boom city, Shenzhen Emergency Center in dealing with the chaos of black ambulances is also more flexible, Shenzhen Emergency Center said, willing to "recruit" in the face of some strong technical force, the management of relatively standardized "black ambulance" enterprises.
, from the national level, the expulsion of good money and bad money also rely on the power of the administration.
In 2018, the United Nations Administration of Home Medicine of the National Health and Health Commission issued an opinion on the implementation of the Notice of the State Council of the CPC Central Committee on the Special Fight against Blackness and Evil, which explicitly stated that the relevant departments should be jointly relevant departments to crack down on such phenomena as "black ambulances" and purify the industry environment.
At the same time, provinces and cities are encouraged to actively explore the regulation of non-first aid evacuation, in April 2018, Shanghai for the regulation of non-first aid patient transport services, in Shanghai 120 dispatch center dedicated to the opening of the "962120 rehabilitation and discharge line", separate acceptance and transfer of home-specific vehicles, in business acceptance and vehicle dispatch to achieve the divestiture of first aid business.
September 24, 2020, nine departments, including the Health and Wellness Commission, jointly issued the "Further Improvement of Pre-Hospital Medical Emergency Services."