[Prevention of cancer metastasis] Genetic testing may predict cancer metastasis organs in advance!

What is the main cause of death in patients with malignant tumors? A.
Followed by blood B.
C.
Secondary infection Extensive transfer D.
Pain For a long time, cancer has been artificially dressed as a "death notice"
.

In fact, tumor metastasis is one of the main causes of death of cancer patients.
About 90% of cancer patients' deaths are caused by tumor metastasis
.

Benign tumors usually do not metastasize, so they can be easily removed surgically to keep the patient alive
.

Malignant tumors refer to tumors that have invaded and destroyed neighboring tissue structures or have spread to distant tissues and organs, and formed secondary tumors.
Metastasis is the cause of the final death of more than 90% of cancer patients
.

After answering the above questions, let's take a look at what are the ways of cancer metastasis? What are the ways of cancer metastasis? Cancer often starts with a lump in a certain area of ​​the body.
If this lump is not eliminated, cancer cells can spread to nearby organs, even the farther organs, such as the brain
.

The process of cancer spreading is called "cancer metastasis"
.

There are three main ways of cancer metastasis, namely implanted metastasis, lymphatic metastasis and hematological spread infection
.

Once cancer cells reach a new place, they will start to proliferate again, and then form small tumors called "micrometastasis cancer".
When these small tumors are fully developed, the entire process of cancer metastasis is formed.
Different cancer cells have their own Unique way to metastasize, just like prostate cancer often metastasizes to the bone marrow, but colon cancer likes to metastasize to the liver
.

Genetic testing may predict cancer metastasis organs in advance? In addition to guiding clinical medication, genetic testing may predict cancer metastasis to which organs in advance? Today, let’s take a look at a study on the correlation between the molecular status of patients with stage IV non-squamous non-small cell lung cancer and the diagnosis of metastatic organs [PMID: 29858031]: The molecular status of NSCLC and The metastasis pattern at diagnosis is related; EGFR+ tumors are often more prone to bone and pleural metastasis than triple-negative tumors; EGFR+ tumors are often less likely to have brain and adrenal metastasis than triple-negative tumors; the incidence of metastasis of KRAS+ and ALK+ tumors in the lung and liver, respectively High; Note: Triple-negative tumors refer to tumors that are negative for EGFR, KRAS and ALK
.

The 7 most common metastatic organs in the comparison of molecular subgroups in the proportion of tumor metastasis.
The most common metastatic organs of non-squamous non-small cell lung cancer are bone, pleura, lung and brain; *P-value compared to triple negative <0.
05 , ** <0.
01, *** <0.
001 adjusted for clinicopathological variables.
Non-squamous non-small cell lung cancer (ns-NSCLC) is usually driven by molecular changes, such as KRAS+, EGFR+ and ALK+
.

In 2013, NCR identified a total of 8608 NSCLCs, of which 5462 (63.
4%) were adenocarcinoma or NSCLC-NOS, of which 3323 (60.
8%) were stage IV, and the stage could not be assessed
.

Finally, 2052 tumors were included: 218 EGFR+, 784 KRAS+, 42 ALK+, and 1008 triple-negative
.

For each metastatic organ, the proportion of metastatic tumors of each molecular subtype was compared with triple-negative tumors and analyzed by statistical methods
.

Compared with triple-negative patients, EGFR-positive (19del and L858R) patients had more bone metastases (19del: 47.
8%; L858R: 61.
4%) and pleural metastases (19del: 36.
7%; L858R: 38.
6%); brain metastases ( L858R, 10.
0% vs.
22.
0%) and adrenal metastasis (19del, 5.
6% vs.
19.
1%) are less
.

Patients with KRAS G12A mutations are more likely to develop bone metastases than triple-negative patients (42.
9% vs.
31.
5%); G12V mutations are more likely to develop lung metastases (29.
5% vs.
20.
3%)
.

During a median follow-up of 30.
2 months, the median overall survival of triple-negative patients (8.
9 months) was lower than that of EGFR+ (18.
2 months) and ALK+ (15.
4 months), but higher than that of KRAS+ (8.
8 months) patients A little bit
.

Among all molecular subtypes, patients with liver metastases have a lower overall survival period than those without liver metastases
.

Only in KRAS+ patients, bone, pleural and adrenal metastases are associated with worsening overall survival
.

Compared with patients without metastatic disease, the average survival (OS) of each molecular subgroup (by KaplanMeier analysis) shows that the molecular status of NSCLC is related to the diagnosis of organ metastasis
.

Genetic testing can predict in advance which organs the cancer will metastasize to based on the molecular status, which will help guide the screening and preventive treatment of metastatic lesions in advance! Article source: Gene Talks, Medical World