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Ann Kennedy is the winner of the 2022 Eppendorf & Science Prize for Neurobiology, where her research provides new insights
into how aggressive behavior and aggressive motivation are regulated in the brain.
Aggressive behavior can take many forms, and it is also present in
many class animals.
But participating in a fight can be costly to the individual, as even the winner can be seriously injured
.
As a result, it is common to make threats and posturing at the beginning of a conflict, and it is safer to strike only when necessary
.
This type of arousal attack is a typical state of persistence and intensity graded motivation that gradually increases and is maintained until the need for threats or intimidation is no longer present
.
However, how this process is done in the brain is unclear
.
Previous studies have shown that the ventrolateral part of the ventromedial hypothalamus (VMHvl) is associated
with aggressive behavior control in mice.
To better understand the mechanism, Kennedy and her colleagues used a head-mounted miniature microscope to describe neuronal activity in brain regions
of mice as they interacted freely.
Although the researchers found that the activity of these cells was only weakly associated with the mice's fights, the researchers revealed that a small percentage of neurons were continuously active during social contact in mice, and their activity intensity fluctuated
moderately as the mice interacted in different ways.
When this pattern is weak, mice explore or ignore each other, but as this pattern increases, so does their aggressive posture, including increased
dominant behavior.
When it becomes saturated, the mouse begins to manifest itself directly as an attack
.
Kennedy proposed that this signal reflects a hierarchy of aggressive motivation and suggested that scalable and persistent activity in VMHvl is a mechanism
for setting the motivational state of mice.
The finalists for the prize are Kevin Guttenplan, whose paper "Why Neurons Die: Astrocytes Become a Key Mediator of Neurodegeneration" and Filipa Cardoso, whose paper " Brain adipose connections: type 2 innate lymphoid cells can affect metabolism through brain-body circuits"
.
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