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    Home > Medical News > Latest Medical News > Professor Pu Muming: Further development of artificial intelligence in the future needs to be inspired by brain science

    Professor Pu Muming: Further development of artificial intelligence in the future needs to be inspired by brain science

    • Last Update: 2020-05-20
    • Source: Internet
    • Author: User
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    Guide: At the moment, human synods knowledge of the brain is quite limitedThe material carrier of human thinking is the brain, which has hundreds of billions of nerve cells, and the number of "synapses" that serve as the connection point of nerve cells is 1,000 times that of nerve cells, to a total of 10 14 timesIt is these neural loops and networks that enable humans to develop sensations, to form consciousness, and to have the ability to think, remember, and recognizeAt the moment, humans' perception of the brain is quite limitedin recent years, the world set off a wave of brain science, this wave in Europe, America, Japan have triggered a national brain science programWe Chinese scientists have also made great efforts in the past few years to actively promote the launch of the Chinese Brain Program, one of which is Professor Pu Muming, Director of the Institute of Neuroscience of the Chinese Academy of Sciencesrecently, in Cold Spring Harbor Asia 2019 - Francis Crick series - the scene of the transformation of neuroscience, biological exploration has the honor of interviewing the academician Pu Muming"Since 2013, countries around the world, from the European Union to the United States and Japan, have launched large-scale brain science programs, " he saidWe in China have also been talking about a large-scale national brain program very early on, and it now looks like it is expected to launch this year"
    , Professor Pu Muming
    the Chinese Brain Program
    the Chinese Brain Program will be different from the brain plans of several other countries"We are a broader spectrum, focusing on many aspects, including the basic problems of brain science, the diagnosis and treatment of brain diseases, and brain-inspired artificial intelligence," he saidAll three areas are part of the brain plan, which is in line with China's medium- and long-term scientific strategic planning, which is scheduled to be in place by 2035"
    , Professor Pu Muming specifically introduced that the first five years of the plan, the Chinese brain program is mainly focused on basic research, including cognitive neural loops, and many cognitive-related diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease, depression, autism, etc are the focus of future brain program research The other is artificial intelligence that is directly related to cognition Artificial intelligence is now very powerful, much stronger than humans in terms of a single function But the current state of artificial intelligence still depends on big data and powerful computing power By contrast, our brain is very efficient, using the equivalent of 20 watts of electricity, capable of doing a variety of complex tasks, is universal intelligence In the future, artificial intelligence will learn from the human brain and make significant improvements in computational methods, machine learning frameworks, and models to design them more energy efficiently and make decisions in front of small data In the future, brain plans around the world will move towards this long-term goal He hopes that through the design of the Chinese Brain Program, China will have a place in important frontier areas challenges and opportunities coexist
    the Chinese brain plan from discussion to the final real landing, the length of the long cycle, The Academician Pu Muming has a deep understanding "The team we're studying isn't very large, and the research is fragmented, " he admits For example, we have a great advantage is patient resources, the country's major hospital centers, clinical centers have a lot of cases and data samples, but these have not made a unified national data standards, only to achieve the standard of uniform, can really play our advantages So the biggest challenge of the brain program is that it is not a general scientific research program, need to form a team to tackle the major problems, and the major problems to be targeted "
    in addition, China is also the world leader in the study of non-human primates (monkeys) The importance of the study of non-human primates is self-evident Because of the drug development of various brain diseases, the biggest problem now is that animal models use rats Rats are still far from humans, monkeys (especially macaques), its anatomy and physiological phenomena are more similar to humans Now the international drug nervous system drug research and development investment of tens of billions of dollars, are not very good drugs, a big reason is the problem of animal models So, in the view of academician Pu Muming, our Chinese brain program is likely to make an important contribution in these areas of advantage The achievements of macaque model animals
    On November 27, 2017, the non-human primate platform of the Institute of Neuroscience of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, led by Academician Pu Muming, welcomed a "big surprise": the world's first somatic cell clone monkey "was born smoothly, and a week later, "Hua Hua", the second cloned monkey, was also successfully born The birth of cloned monkeys means that China will be the first to build animal models that can effectively simulate human diseases Using cloning technology, a large number of model monkeys with the same genetic background can be bred over a year This can meet both the urgent needs of brain disease and advanced cognitive function of the brain, but also can be widely used in new drug testing Pu Muming pointed out that the primate (macaque) as a model animal has two key points, one is its higher cognitive function "Higher cognitive function sits in mice that we can study in macaques, which helps to understand primates, including humans, for higher cognitive function For example, we have very complex executive decision-making processes, empathy and complex social behavior, and even we have much more voice communication than other animals These are more difficult to achieve on mice, and more easily on monkeys We recently did a study that puts the model of macaque self-awareness into building For example, training macaques to recognize themselves in the mirror (the reaction of self-awareness) so that we can study self-awareness and understand the neural basis of higher cognitive functions "Professor Pu Muming said another focus of is as a model for disease For example, the human body has circadian rhythms, which are related to sleep Rhythm abnormalities are related to many brain diseases, metabolic diseases, tumors, etc So we now knock out the monkey rhythm gene, found that it has many symptoms can reflect the abnormal rhythm of human symptoms, such as abnormal sleep, anxiety, depression, and even some symptoms of schizophrenia, so that the macaque becomes a research object So, the development of the neural basis of advanced cognitive function and the model of brain disease is the direction of our current efforts of course, The Academician Of Pu Muming also mentioned that many laboratories in China are concerned about neural connections at the meso-view level of neuronal resolution Because of the brain imaging map done in the hospital, the resolution of the map does not see the nerve cell connection of a single neuron To observe the connection of nerve cells, it is necessary to achieve the resolution of the micron class at the meso-level at present, the cerebral map is doing well on rats and zebrafish The team hopes to connect the map to the macaque's brain, bringing it closer to the human brain "So we're making the monkey's meso-neural connection map a big goal, and that requires the collaboration of the relevant laboratories around the world," he said Ultimately, we hope that with this mapping of the monkey's nerve, Chinese scientists will be able to advance a global and international science program, just like the Human Genome Project This goal is far away, but it is a visible goal "
    the blueprint for brain science in the next five years
    what kind of blueprint will brain science present in the next five years?" Professor Pu Muming felt that there will be major breakthroughs in basic neuroscience, diagnosis and treatment of brain diseases, and brain-like artificial intelligence Specifically, first, there will be some advances in basic neuroscience, including research into cognitive function For example, how the brain integrates nerve information, a loop of memory learning, a more common sentiment and a loop of self-awareness, and so on Second, there will be some breakthroughs in the diagnosis and treatment of brain diseases Over the next five years, animal models of brain diseases caused by genetic mutations will be developed as a way to diagnose, intervene or treat them Third, brain-like artificial intelligence will have some results The new brain-machine interface should not simply be the brain-controlled machine, but the machine will feed back into the brain, which in turn changes the pattern of brain control, as well as a new generation of artificial intelligence software and devices and systems inspired by the structure and function of the brain network advice to young scholars
    when the Cold Spring Port Asian Conference was established ten years ago, Fellow Simum participated in the Committee and provided advice Even after attending countless meetings, he still felt that Cold Spring Port Asia was a good platform for academic exchange Important international experts and scholars in the fields of brain science have the opportunity to come to China through this conference, so that young students and scholars in China can communicate with them face-to-face In the view of the academician, face-to-face communication, in fact, more important than reading the literature, although the network is now very developed, but face-to-face communication often a few words, may be more useful than reading dozens of Paper , he suggests, young scientists who are just starting to do research must sink their minds to make things successful so they can make a difference in one field No matter the size of the research problem, we must stick to it and be successful If a failure, it is discouraged, in doing may also fail, so that young people have no interest in research and research All interest in science is not innate, but in the process of exploring science, through focused efforts to achieve results, learned to communicate and solve problems, so that the better Responsible Editor: Lu Lujun
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