Promote cross-border management of food safety risks to achieve common management and sharing of food safety.

People eat for the day, food for safety first. Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, the Party and the government have attached great importance to food safety, and in accordance with General Secretary Xi Jinping's "four most stringent" requirements on food safety, the whole country has fully implemented the food safety strategy, food safety has been continuously improved, and food safety has shown an overall stable and gradually improving basic situation. However, it cannot be denied that the food safety risk situation is still complex and severe, food safety risk modernization management system still needs to be perfected, especially food safety risk in a larger space-time range of cross-border conduction and evolution, increasing the difficulty of risk management, to establish and improve cross-border cooperation mechanism, improve the system of social co-governance put forward higher requirements. In order to fundamentally improve the food safety environment and ensure the people's "safety on the tip of the tongue", we must, in accordance with the requirements of the concept of social governance in the new era, focus on the main cross-border, geographical cross-border, cross-sectoral and other perspectives, improve the mechanism of cross-border cooperation, improve the system of common governance of food safety society, and effectively meet the new expectations and requirements of the people in the new era for food safety.
Based on the perspective of cross-governance subjects of food safety risk multi-subject co-governance
For a long time, the government has almost unlimited power in food safety risk management, but also bear the responsibility of no boundaries. Practice has proved that it is difficult to solve food safety problems completely and effectively by relying solely on the power of the government. On June 17, 2013, Comrade Wang Yang, then Vice Premier of the State Council, clearly introduced the modern governance concept of "social co-governance" in food safety in the food safety promotion campaign of "social co-governance", that is, to build a "multi-pronged, internal and external co-operation, comprehensive policy, specimen and governance, and build a common social governance pattern of food safety with self-discipline, government supervision, social coordination, public participation and rule of law guarantee". For the first time, the Food Safety Law, as amended in 2015, explicitly requires food safety work to implement the basic principles of "prevention-oriented, risk management, full control, social co-management, and the establishment of a scientific and rigorous regulatory system", and embodies the principle of social co-governance in specific provisions. The implementation of social co-governance has become the consensus of all sectors of society in China to deal with food safety risks and the fundamental path of food safety risk management in the new era.
years of practice, China's food safety risk society has achieved remarkable results. Especially with the continuous improvement of the socialist market economy system with Chinese characteristics, the responsibility boundaries of the government, market and social subjects in the food safety risk management system have been gradually clarified, especially the main responsibility system of food producers has been gradually established, the enthusiasm and strength of social forces such as social organizations, news media and the general public have been continuously enhanced, and the pattern of social co-governance of food safety risks has been initially formed. In this context, the focus of the construction of the new era food safety risk co-governance system is to fully understand and accurately grasp the functional boundaries of government, market and society and its dynamic evolution, improve the cross-border cooperation mechanism between government, market and social diversification subjects, promote cross-border cooperation between diversified co-governance subjects, and realize the seamless coverage of food safety risk management among the various governance subjects. First, improve the mechanism of cross-border cooperation between government and enterprises. The government should not only strictly enforce the law and strengthen the supervision and inspection of enterprises, but also work from many aspects to guide enterprises to better fulfill their social responsibilities and play the function of governance. The second is to improve the mechanism of cross-border cooperation between the government and non-profit social organizations. In policy formulation and implementation, the government should not only absorb the opinions and suggestions of social organizations, but also gradually hand over some of the regulatory functions to social organizations. Third, improve the mechanism of cross-border cooperation between the government and the public. The government should not only solicit the opinions of the public in the formulation and implementation of food safety-related policies, respond to public opinion in a timely manner, but also further guide the public to participate directly in the management of food safety risks, and encourage the public to supervise the government's food safety supervision and enterprise food safety production in accordance with the law.
In view of cross-regional boundaries, food safety risk inter-agency co-management
With the development of economy and society, food supply chain across regions, network transactions and other new business conditions are changing rapidly, regional economic integration is accelerating, food safety risks have broken through the traditional sense of space-time restrictions, regional cross-border transmission characteristics are more obvious. Especially with the acceleration of regional integration process represented by Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Shanghai, Guangdong, Hong Kong, Macao, Beijing and Tianjin, the expansion of food logistics has aggravated the transmission and adregation of food safety risks, making the regional governance with relatively clear boundaries becoming more and more external and borderless, and cross-border food safety problems have emerged in large numbers. It is in this context that the boundaries of food safety risk management are more widely pointed, involving the geographical boundaries of different administrative regions. The traditional administrative division governance model can not adapt to the new requirements of cross-regional management of food safety risks.
The overall responsibility of local governments for food safety does not mean that food safety risks are simply "land-based", but rather urges local governments at all levels to strengthen inter-government cooperation, break local protectionism, establish information sharing and benefit coordination mechanisms, and cross-border governance risks. In order to solve the complex food safety problems across geographical boundaries, there is an urgent need to establish a cross-regional collaborative governance mechanism, which is different from the traditional administrative governance model, among local governments, especially those with deep regional integration, such as Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Shanghai, Guangdong, Hong Kong, Macao and Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei, in order to give full play to the advantages and expertise of the participants in the food safety risk management system, and to form a good situation of food safety management across regional boundaries through coordination, resource sharing and benefit adjustment. First, the formulation of cross-regional boundaries of coordinated governance of the legal system. The formulation of various policies, regulations and departmental regulations on the coordinated management of food safety issues across geographical boundaries can have the function of being equivalent to the law to some extent, so as to effectively regulate the behavior choices of various governance subjects, and is an important guarantee for the effective operation of coordinated governance across geographical boundaries. The second is to cultivate the social capital of coordinated governance across geographical boundaries. Food safety risk cross-regional boundary coordination governance belongs to the scope of governance, governance subsysystic in addition to collective action through the formal legal system, but also a large number of informal loose interaction, this informal loose interaction cooperation is mainly through social capital to complete. Third, the establishment of cross-regional boundaries of coordinated governance of the participation and coordination network. Through the establishment of the corresponding participation coordination mechanism, so that the subsysystics in an orderly manner to participate in cross-regional boundaries of public issues decision-making and coordination of interests. It is necessary not only to establish the participation mechanism of cross-regional boundary collaborative governance decision-making, but also to establish the coordination mechanism of cross-regional boundary coordination of governance interests.
the overall management of food safety risk based on the perspective of cross-government
the overall governance stems from the theory of "whole government" in western countries. As a cross-government governance model, overall governance is of great significance and value to cooperative governance. Theoretically, the theory of overall governance is a strategic response to the decline of traditional public administration and the fragmentation caused by the new public administration movement in the 1980s. The overall governance mainly refers to the cross-sectoral and overall cooperative governance between the different administrative departments of the government at the same level in order to deal with the complex public problems in the administrative region. From the process of china's food safety supervision system reform, along with the profound transformation from planned economy to socialist market economy with Chinese characteristics, whether it is the food safety supervision from the "Kowloon water management" multi-sector supervision gradually to a unified authority of comprehensive supervision, or the comprehensive coordination mechanism of food safety committees at all levels, all reflect the overall governance reform ideas.
to realize the overall management of food safety problems, we must break down the barriers between traditional government departments, form a food safety risk management mechanism of active coordination and close cooperation between government departments, and better share information between government departments to achieve complementary advantages and coordination. First, improve the overall governance organization of cross-government departments. The overall governance can not be separated from the overall form of government organization, the establishment of scientific and reasonable organization is the premise and basis for the realization of holistic governance. In the overall governance of the cross-administration, it is necessary to establish a cross-regional whole government organization. China follows the basic idea of the reform of the large-scale system, from the integration of food safety supervision responsibilities in 2013 to the formation of a unified and authoritative food regulatory department, to 2018 to further integrate the functions of relevant departments to form a unified market supervision and management department, are effective measures to improve the overall governance organization of cross-government departments. Second, improve the communication and coordination mechanism of the overall governance of cross-government departments. One of the negative effects of the new public management movement is the "fragmentation" of government departments, which results in increased costs of fragmentation and communication and coordination of the executive branch. Overall governance can reduce communication and coordination costs and bring administrative organizations into harmony. From china's practice, the Food Safety Committee at all levels as the general coordination body, and gradually build its more perfect overall governance communication coordination mechanism, especially among different departments to gradually establish and improve the communication mechanism, mobilization mechanism and interest coordination mechanism. Third, improve the trust mechanism of the overall governance of cross-government departments. Trust is a scarce resource for cross-government governance as a whole, and trust-backed cross-government governance can create a sense of security among the participants, thus achieving a willingness to cooperate. Fourth, improve the monitoring mechanism of the overall governance of cross-government departments. The function of monitoring is to control the supervision and control of the whole governance participants, so that the whole governance is rigid and binding, thus reducing the cost of the whole governance.
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