Pushed the "little head" dinosaur into the tree, so there was a bird?

"The feathers provide the last conclusive evidence that birds evolved from dinosaurs.
1996, the first feathered dinosaur skeleton fossil was found in sedimentary rocks in Liaoning Province, a 1.5-meter-long, miso-footed dinosaur, the Sinosauropteryx, whose limbs were covered with feathery fluff.
Since then, a number of unique feathered small dinosaurs have been found in Liaoning Province, China, and in other parts of the world, depicting every evolutionary step from fluffy-covered carnivorous animal-footed dinosaurs to fully feathered winged birds.
" the story of bird evolution is full of twists and turns, but it is these transformations and discoveries that continue to rewrite history.
Paul Willis, associate professor of vertebrate palaeontology at Flinders University in Australia, will explain in detail the evolution of birds and how dinosaurs became birds.
after 20 years of hard thinking, Darwin finally published his own theory of biological evolution, The Origin of Species, in 1859, and thomas Henry Huxley, an English naturalist and educator, was an outstanding representative of Darwin's theory of evolution, also known as "Darwin's bulldog", who vigorously defended Darwin's theory of evolution.
in order to do so, Huxley desperately needs "missing links" of fossil evidence to show how animals transitioned from one species to another, an evolutionary process that Darwin speculated about, but unfortunately they lacked the evidence.
just two years later, a near-perfect fossil of a ancestral bird was found on a limestone depositbed in the Jurassic period in Bavaria, Germany, with serrated teeth like a blade, and features on the skeleton and skull, suggesting that it was a meat-eating dinosaur.
but the crow-sized specimen fossil is covered with bird-like feathers, and for Huxley, it's a transitional biological specimen: a dinosaur is evolving into a bird.
German experts called the specimen "Urvogel", the first bird (whose name is derived from the Greek word "ancient feathers"). the discovery of
ancestral birds was very important to Huxley, which meant the beginning of a feather revolution.
the feather imprints of the ancestral birds may have changed the "rules of the scientific game" of the 19th century, but these feathers were only just the beginning of upsetting the evolutionary paradigm of the time.
137 years later, the new discovery of feathered "dinosaur fossils" continues to rewrite the science, not only about the origin of birds, but also throughout the evolution of the entire dinosaur family.
palaeontologists try to trace the evolutionary trajectory of birds, creating an interesting story full of twists and turns.
first, the ancestral birds did not fully solve the problem of the origin of birds, in the early 20th century, Huxley believed that birds were the descendants of carnivorous dinosaurs, especially birds derived from the animal-footed dinosaurs have become clearly unpopular.
one problem with this theory is that the bones of the osteo-footed dinosaurs lack a key part of bird anatomy - the furcula.
it acts like a flying spring, made of two collarbones.
As a result, in the first half of the 20th century, people have been looking for non-dinosaur ancestors of birds.
American palaeontologist John Ostrom has added a new twist to the evolutionary story of birds.
he further supported Huxley's theory by showing the similarities between the bones of the wild-footed austera and the ancestral bird excavated from the Montana wasteland.
he was able to prove that the python and other animal-footed dinosaurs did have a fork bone that had previously been mistaken for an extra abdominal rib.
even more exciting, the combination of the two collarbones apparently occurred before the animal-footed sub-dinosaur evolved to develop flight capabilities.
but the feathers provide conclusive evidence that birds evolved from dinosaurs.
early 1990s, researchers began excavating bone fossils of a variety of creatures from the late Jurassic to the early Cretaceous period (150 million to 100 million years ago).
these dinosaur skeletons are from Liaoning Province, China, but unlike most dinosaur bones, their soft tissues are still intact.
1996, the first feathered dinosaur skeleton fossil was found in sedimentary rocks in Liaoning Province, a 1.5-meter-long, miso-footed dinosaur, the Sinosauropteryx, whose limbs were covered with feathery fluff.
Since then, a number of unique feathered small dinosaurs have been found in Liaoning Province, China, and in other parts of the world, depicting every evolutionary step from fluffy-covered carnivorous animal-footed dinosaurs to fully feathered winged birds.
this evolutionary shift is not a straight-line path, but a complex maze route with many evolutionary paths to a "dead end".
it is now clear that the ancestral bird is not the first bird-like dinosaur species, the title (at least for now) should be awarded to Zheng's Xiaotinga zhengi, the skeletal fossil of this dinosaur was excavated in Liaoning Province in 2011, the preliminary estimate zheng Xiaotinglong than the current discovery of more than 10 ancestral bird fossil specimens at least 5 million years earlier.
Zheng Xiaotinglong shows some of the original features of birds, such as a sickle-shaped paws on the second toe of each foot that appear on the ferocious dragon body depicted in the sci-fi movie Jurassic Park.
the film's claw dragons are the same size as real dinosaurs, while the real dragons are half the size of the claw ed.
Zheng's Xiaotinglong not only has a fluffy body, but also has wings that can glide, which may be the middle link in the transition of the dinosaur toward a fully flight-capable dinosaur.
Although Zheng's Xiaoting long has only one set of wings, other gliding birds, such as the younger dragon, form two sets of wings.
actually, they look and function like the wings of a biplane, with the rear set of wings under a set of wings in front of them, to avoid turbulence.
other small primitive bird-type dinosaurs grow slender feathers on the hind limbs, but in most cases they appear to be decorative and not flying.
but it seems that the dinosaur's flight experiment simply wasn't limited to feathers, and in 2015, archaeologists discovered a very strange animal-footed dinosaur, the Chipheno, which was more distant from the original birds.
their skeletal fossils were excavated in Hebei province, on the border with Liaoning Province, dating back 160 million years, the size of a small dwarf chicken, weighing about 380 grams.
unique to the chiphenos, whose front ends have a special protective effect on skin and feathers, and, like its close relatives, have a long third toe that extends out of the wrist bone.
, well-preserved bone specimens also show that the longer toe bone has an extended skin structure on both sides, and that the chives do not fly with feathers, but glide through the air with bat-like wings.
as these aerial experiments progress, researchers still have questions: Why do these dinosaurs seem to be trying so hard to fly, whether they have feathers or not? The simple answer is: small animal-footed dinosaurs already like trees.
they may do so to avoid larger predators, or they may be looking for more prey, such as insects and small vertebrates that live on branches.
their curved, needle-like claws are good for catching prey and are also very good at climbing trees.
once they become tree-dwelling creatures, they glide between branches like today's flying lizards and possums, so that they can stay away from the threat of the ground and effectively expand their range of activities.
developing true aeronautical flight capabilities, they inherited some of the features from the ancestors of the beast-footed dinosaurs, who are now at the forefront.
first, they were lightweight dinosaurs, and all of the animal-footed sub-dinosaurs had hollow but strong bones, which their ancestors evolved to capture their prey more quickly.
lighter weight helps complete aerial gliding, but flight dynamics depend on another genetic trait, and the animal's forelimb scarlet shoulder joints can already rotate so that their forelimbs can no longer swing back and forth, and their forelimbs can be used to catch prey in front of the body.
this arrest appears to have been aided by the movement of a spring-like fork bone, which connects the chest muscles to the arm movements, and any gliding primitive bird that uses this capture action is performing a down-flow attack on the prey.
further physical improvement is the airbag that extends out of the lungs, which not only increases the overall lung capacity, but also leads to a one-way respiratory system.
air circulates in the lungs, rather than the way it is pumped in and pumped out like humans.
this respiratory system is a feature of all modern birds and is very practical and effective for predators.
the evolution of feathers and other bird features, completing the evolutionary process towards modern birds.
these feathers originated in simple fluff, possibly to keep the body warm, and some dinosaurs were "warm-blooded animals" that at least supported the theory.
at the same time, these feathers can also be used as decoration, small animal-footed dinosaur limbs have colorful feathers, some small animal foot sub-specsia feathers will allow them to have a certain lift to chase flying insects.
small, light bones, rotating shoulder bones with forkbones, turbocharged respiratory systems, and feathers, these features were formed long before the animal-footed sub-carnivorous dinosaurs flew in the air and transformed into prototype birds.
dinosaur fossils have forced textbooks to revise them several times, and in 2017 a discovery suggested that feathers had not completed their revolutionary work.
130 years, we think we have fully mastered the detailed branch structure of the dinosaur lineage tree, and in 1887, British palaeontologist Harry Seeley pointed out that dinosaurs can be divided into two groups, depending on whether their hips are lizard-like (cheeky forward) or bird-like (shame-backed).
is the confusion that the dinosaur species, which is the lizard's buttocks, rather than the bird's buttocks, evolved into modern birds.
lizard-hip dinosaurs are divided into long-necked herbivorous lizards and lizard-footed dinosaurs, their typical representative of the wrist dragon and carnivorous foot-foot edited dinosaurs.
bird-and-hip dinosaurs include a variety of plant-based dinosaurs, they can be divided into three categories: including the swords dragon, including the armored dinosaurs, including the bird-footed dinosaurs, triangular dinosaurs, including horned dragons.
scientists concluded that the wrist dragon and the tyrannosaur were close relatives, and that the dragon, the sword dragon and the triangular dragon were distant relatives, and paleontologists were very satisfied with the dual structure theory.
until 2017, another paleontologist, Matthew Baron, from the University of Cambridge, england, redrawn the genealogy.
Barron looked at 74 very rare early dinosaurs, all of which lived in the first half of the dinosaur era, and by analyzing the characteristics of all dinosaur bones, he was able to figure out how the early evolutionary branches were separated at the bottom of the genealogy.
Barron's first discovery pushed the dinosaur's origins back 5 million years, about 247 million years ago.
second discovery completely rewrote the prehistory of dinosaurs.
he did not find the branches of the lizard's buttocks and birds' hips neat, but rather an earlier branch that could place the lizard's buttocks and bird's hips on the same branch.
the current relationship between the tyrannosaurs and the trigonometry is now confused, the truth about the current controversial dinosaur classification is still hidden in the bewildering bone fossils, and there is no clear feature that suggests which evolutionary branch a dinosaur must belong to.
may be a vital clue that scientists have found feathered or fluffy holdings in different bird-and-hip dinosaurs and orocyte, but they have not yet found them in the fossils of lizard-footed dinosaurs.
, the new population of dinosaurs consisting of animal-footed sub-dinosaurs and bird-butted dinosaurs has the characteristics of body-covered feathers or feathered structures.
, the feathers may therefore tell us more important information about the structure of the dinosaur genealogy, not just "these are birds", which may have been the most fundamental and decisive feature of the early stages of dinosaur evolution.
the evolutionary revolution is still in progress, many preliminary conclusions are far from being solved and confirmed, we still have a lot of research work to complete, there are many more dinosaur species to be discovered and classified.
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