Redox Biology: Correlation between ROS and calcium ions in neurodegenerative diseases

Depending on the type and amount produced, reactive oxygen ROS can either affect the target protein as a signaling molecule or destroy cellular components as a harmful oxidative stressor

1ROS

ROS has the characteristics of instability, short life and high activity, which lead to its ability to function as a signaling molecule and may bring potential oxidative stress damage to cells, so in the physiological state, the body strictly controls the steady state

2 calcium ions

Calcium ions act as multifunctional second messengers involved in a wide range of intracellular processes, including signal transduction, neurotransmitter release, muscle contraction, and fertilization

Figure 1: Homeostasis of ROS and calcium ions within the cell

Effect of 3 calcium ions on mitochondrial ROS

Experimental observations have shown that under physiological conditions, calcium ions can reduce ROS leakage in mitochondrial respiratory chain complexes I and III.

Effect of 4ROS on mitochondrial calcium ions

The mitochondrial electron transport chain (ETC) is the main site

5Crosstalk of ROS and calcium ions in neurodegenerative diseases

Various neurodegenerative diseases, such as Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, multiple sclerosis, etc.

6 Summary

This paper discusses that ROS and calcium ions are inseparable in many mechanisms, and that the two contribute to the development