Reducing the post-parto loss of grain is equal to building an invisible field.

In recent years, through the comprehensive implementation of grain safety projects, post-natal service system construction, and actively promote the application of post-partum de-impairment technology, grain storage link losses significantly reduced, but China's post-natal losses are still serious, the task of impairment is difficult.
, food waste has become a hot topic of public concern. However, compared with the "waste on the tip of the tongue", china's grain from production to processing chain losses are little known, but equally shocking. Data from the State Food and Material Reserve Bureau show that at present, China's grain in the storage, transportation and processing links, the annual loss of 70 billion pounds.
grain harvest link losses are second only to the consumption
."Reducing the waste of post-parto food losses is equal to building intangible fields and is an important measure to improve the level of food security. In recent years, through the full implementation of grain security projects (food storage, supply and security projects), post-natal service system construction, and actively promote the application of post-partum de-impairment technology, grain storage link losses significantly reduced, but China's post-natal losses are still serious, the task of impairment is difficult. The losses of grain harvest, grain storage, grain and oil processing and consumption are concentrated, among which the loss rate of individual links is high. Wang Hong, director of the Security Storage and Science and Technology Department of the State Food and Material Reserve Bureau, said.
" study shows that the loss of the harvest link in postnatal losses is second only to the consumption link. Wu Laping, a professor at the School of Economics and Management at China Agricultural University, told Science and Technology Daily.
Wulaping team in 28 provinces (cities and districts) of the country on the loss of nearly 5000 farmers in the grain harvest link of the special survey showed that the loss rate of artificial harvest of wheat is 5.87 percent, higher than the loss rate of semi-mechanized harvest (5.39%) The loss rate of combined mechanized harvests (4.28 per cent), the loss rate of artificial harvests of rice (2.84 per cent) was slightly lower than that of segmented semi-mechanized harvests (3.28 per cent) and the loss rate of joint mechanized harvests (3.84 per cent).
of the food that has been lost is actually avoidable.
" According to the guidance of "The whole mechanized production mode of major crops", the loss rate of rice fully fed into the combine harvester should be less than or equal to 3%, the loss rate of the half-fed combine harvester should be less than or equal to 2.5%, and the loss rate of the wheat combine harvester should be less than or equal to 2% (less than or equal to 3% in Huanghuaihai area). At present, the loss rate of mechanized harvest of rice and wheat is more than 3%. In addition, most growers do not pick up food now, and our survey shows that only 30.45 per cent of farmers pick up food. Wulapin said.
the promotion of agricultural machinery socialization services can reduce the loss of harvest
in the harvest season, how to reduce the loss of harvest? Socialized agricultural machinery service is an important way.
information released by the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs shows that the national winter wheat harvest rate of 97%, but by the impact of the small size of the land, the popularity of large-scale high-efficiency harvesting machinery is not enough, small and medium-sized harvest machinery loss rate is relatively large. The yield of rice and corn has been increasing in recent years, and in 2019, the comprehensive mechanization rate of corn and rice cultivation has exceeded 80%, which has basically achieved mechanization.
" but the combined harvester required for joint harvesting is relatively expensive for most farmers to purchase and maintain separately, and the level of farmers' working skills is relatively low, so purchasing professional socialized services is an effective way to reduce costs, improve harvest efficiency and quality of operations. Vulapin said.
In recent years, a series of policy documents, such as the Opinions of the Ministry of Agriculture on the Promotion of Mechanization of the Whole Process of Major Crop Production, and the Guidance of the State Council on Speeding Up the Transformation and Upgrading of Agricultural Mechanization and Agricultural Machinery and Equipment Industry, have strongly promoted the development of socialized services for agricultural machinery.
to further improve the efficiency of socialized services for agricultural machinery and reduce harvest losses, Wulaping suggested, first of all, to reduce the degree of land fragmentation, and moderately expand the scale of cultivation. The larger the planting scale, the more conducive to the joint harvester to carry out operations, improve the efficiency of use, reduce the rate of loss of harvest.
secondly, we will promote the transformation and upgrading of agricultural machinery, promote the integration of agro-machinery, actively promote the integration of crop varieties, cultivation techniques and machinery and equipment, accelerate joint mechanized research and development, and improve the level of intelligence of agricultural machinery and equipment; Starting in the main grain-producing provinces, regular training is provided to owners, operators and agro-machine pilots of agricultural machinery service organizations, including vocational skills training and professional ethics training, such as the size of the harvester in rice harvests and the size of harvesters in wheat harvests. Wulapin said.
, he suggested improving the content of the contract for social services, promoting the inclusion of the highest losses from field harvests in the terms of service sample contracts, enhancing the awareness of agricultural machinery service providers to love food and saving food, and reducing the loss of harvest links.
" suggested that the village as a unit to organize a certain amount of labor for food picking. The loss of food also means the waste of cultivated land and water resources, and local governments should take appropriate subsidies or support measures to encourage the vast rural areas (especially the main food-producing areas) to organize the relevant labor force with village collectives or cooperatives as the main body to collect food and minimize food losses. Wulapin said.
Reducing post-natal losses of grain needs to start from the whole chain
the chain of grain from the field to the table, including farmers harvest, storage, grain acquisition, storage and transportation, processing, consumption and other links, so it is not enough to rely solely on promoting the socialization of agricultural machinery services to reduce harvest losses. So how can the rest of the effort be made to reduce post-parto food losses?
" In the grain storage link of farmers, the construction of farmers' scientific grain storage silos to reduce the loss of grain storage of farmers; Wang Hong said.
suggested that improvements in food-saving reduction should be strengthened in three areas.
first, improve policy measures. Incorporating food-saving impairments into the proposed Food Security Law, strengthening supervision, taking effective measures, establishing long-term mechanisms, and vigorously promoting the establishment of a government-led, demand-driven, universal participation and social coordination. Actively explore the formulation of guidance on post-natal impairment of grain, co-ordinate all relevant subjects, establish a model for scientific and technological personnel to support the grass-roots level, and guide the derogation of grain harvest, warehousing, transportation, processing and consumption from the aspects of technology research and development application, publicity and education, standard planning, management mechanism, investment guidance, etc. We will build a monitoring system for the assessment and control of post-natal losses of grain, a system for publicity and education on food loss reduction, a system for technological research and development and a system for the promotion of results, train specialized research and development teams for technological innovation and reduce food, and strengthen the training of highly skilled personnel.
, improve the level of facilities. Promote grain harvesting machinery to improve technology and performance, do a good job of agricultural machinery supporting services. Support the post-natal service center to improve the ability and level of agricultural services, do a good job of farmers scientific grain storage. Strengthen the construction of the warehouse logistics system, build a high level of transit warehouse capacity in key logistics nodes, and carry out the transformation and upgrading of old grain silos.
third, strengthen the technical attack. Research and development of new grain harvesting machinery, the development of green high-quality grain and oil products, and promote high-quality food projects. We will continue to develop new technologies to reduce grain savings, improve the yield of finished grain, processing conversion rate and by-product utilization rate, and serve the construction of the grain "production, purchase, storage and marketing" system. We will carry out basic research on grain and oil taste, precision and nutritional quality and healthy food, and further improve the technical standard system of grain and oil processing industry.
Red links
8% of grain lost in storage
According to the food sector statistics, due to poor storage facilities for farmers, drying capacity, lack of technical guidance and other reasons caused by food losses of about 8%. Media investigation found that after the harvest of grain, some farmers often in their own homes, farmland head to engage in "ground-lying" type of grain storage for three or four months, until the price is appropriate before selling. This storage method can easily lead to mold, decay and rat damage to food, resulting in a large number of losses. In addition to farmers, some small and medium-sized grain acquisition enterprises, food brokers of grain storage facilities are also poor, causing serious food losses.
To this end, Xu Yuewen, deputy director of the Agriculture and Rural Bureau of Yueyang County, Hunan Province, and other suggestions, science and technology, food and other departments around the country to strengthen publicity and technical guidance, improve farmers' awareness of safe grain storage, guide farmers to safely store grain, to teach farmers scientific, advanced and reasonable family grain storage technology. More than
grass-roots cadres said that it is recommended to continue to increase the promotion of scientific grain silos, central and provincial finance to provide more matching funds to minimize the cost of farmers to purchase, and through the food sector targeted supervision, to ensure that "dedicated warehouses."
Liu Fangju, head of Heilongjiang Zhongliang Storage Technology Engineering Co., Ltd., suggested that according to different regions, all kinds of food specific conditions, as soon as possible to develop simple and safe, adapt to the needs of farmers grain storage technology and grain silos, warehouse size should be based on the average grain production of local households, to avoid the problem of grain silo size does not apply.
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