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▎Editor of WuXi AppTec's content team Recently, two important studies on liver regeneration were published simultaneously in the top academic journal "Science", which attracted widespread attention.
Two scientific research teams from China and the United States used advanced technology to identify liver cells responsible for maintaining liver homeostasis and repairing damage, and pointed out their location in the liver.
These findings are of great significance for the future treatment of fatty liver, cirrhosis and liver cancer.
In the same issue, "Science" published a guide for these two studies.
According to the article, the liver is the body's strongest regenerative body organ.
Even if up to 90% of its volume is removed, it can grow back to its normal size.
Moreover, the size of the liver will always maintain a certain proportion to the body type, and the size of the liver will be adjusted according to the needs of the body.
How does the liver achieve these magical properties? At first glance, the structural composition of the liver can be said to be very simple, consisting of thousands of repeating hexagonal units.
These structural units are called liver lobules, most of which are liver cells, which perform various functions.
But which of these cells is the key to producing new cells? In the past, due to technical limitations, there was always no definite answer.
▲Schematic diagram of the structure of a single liver lobule: The liver cells can be roughly divided into three layers from the center to the periphery.
There are veins and bile ducts in the center and the periphery (picture source: reference [4]).
In the two studies, scientists developed With new tools and new methods to track and identify proliferating cells in the liver, the mystery of the source of newborn hepatocytes is finally solved.
The first study was led by Dr.
Zhou Bin from the Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science (Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology) of the Chinese Academy of Sciences.
The research team established a new technology called ProTracer that records cell proliferation in vivo with high temporal and spatial resolution.
Using ProTracer, researchers directly label newborn hepatocytes in the liver of adult mice, and can monitor the proliferation signals of hepatocytes multiple times over a long period of time during the slow self-renewal process of the liver.
"ProTracer is like a video recorder.
Once activated, it can record cell proliferation uninterrupted for months or even years.
" The researchers said.
▲Using ProTracer to monitor the newborn hepatocytes (red) in the liver of adult mice, according to the distribution of related markers (blue and green), it can be seen that the newborn hepatocytes mainly gather in the middle area of the liver lobules (picture source: reference material) [1]) Another study came from the research group of Professor Hao Zhu from the Texas Southwestern Medical Center (UT Southwestern).
They used gene knock-in technology to construct 11 new genetically modified mouse strains and labeled hepatocyte populations in different regions with fluorescent markers.
Coupled with the other three existing mouse strains, researchers have begun to track the "fate" of different liver cell populations on an unprecedented scale: which will increase over time, which will disappear, and which will be damaged in the liver.
It is then responsible for filling the damaged area.
▲In the profile of liver lobules, a type of hepatocytes expressing specific genes are marked with fluorescent markers (picture source: reference [2]) Although the methods used are different, the two research teams have found that whether it is to maintain liver stability under normal conditions The state is to repair and regenerate after injury.
Mature liver cells located in the middle area of the liver lobules (area 2) are the main contributors to the production of new cells in the entire liver.
▲The two studies jointly pointed out that the proliferation ability of hepatocytes in different sections of the liver lobules is different, and the proliferation ability of hepatocytes in the middle zone (zone 2) is the strongest (picture source: reference [3]) This discovery also put an end to the past related liver A major controversy over regeneration is whether to maintain regeneration through rare stem cell populations.
"By widely distributing the partitions with proliferation potential, the liver can achieve rapid response to injury by proliferating the healthiest hepatocytes without using stem cells.
" The researchers concluded.
"Identified that hepatocytes in zone 2 are regenerative cell populations, which can answer the basic questions of liver biology, and also bring important significance for understanding and treating liver diseases.
" Professor Hao Zhu said, "In addition, it is constructed for the study of different liver cell types.
The tool can also further detect how different cells respond to liver damage or genetic changes that lead to liver cancer. Source of title picture: 123RF reference materials[1] Lingjuan He et al.
, (2021) Proliferation tracing reveals regional hepatocyte generation in liver homeostasis and repair.
Doi: 10.
1126/science.
abc4346[2] Yonglong Wei et al.
, (2021) ) Liver homeostasis is maintained by midlobular zone 2 hepatocytes.
Science Doi: 10.
1126/science.
abb1625[3] Emma R.
Andersson (2021) In the zone for liver proliferation.
DOI: 10.
1126/science.
abg4864[4] Scientists identify cells responsible for liver tissue maintenance and regeneration.
Retrieved March 24, 2021 from https://medicalxpress.
com/news/2021-02-scientists-cells-responsible-liver-tissue.
html[5] Science article: Zhou Bin's research group develops cell proliferation New tracing technology and discovery of the source of adult liver cells Retrieved March 24, 2021 from http://cemcs.
cas.
cn/kyjz/202102/t20210224_5960414.
html
Two scientific research teams from China and the United States used advanced technology to identify liver cells responsible for maintaining liver homeostasis and repairing damage, and pointed out their location in the liver.
These findings are of great significance for the future treatment of fatty liver, cirrhosis and liver cancer.
In the same issue, "Science" published a guide for these two studies.
According to the article, the liver is the body's strongest regenerative body organ.
Even if up to 90% of its volume is removed, it can grow back to its normal size.
Moreover, the size of the liver will always maintain a certain proportion to the body type, and the size of the liver will be adjusted according to the needs of the body.
How does the liver achieve these magical properties? At first glance, the structural composition of the liver can be said to be very simple, consisting of thousands of repeating hexagonal units.
These structural units are called liver lobules, most of which are liver cells, which perform various functions.
But which of these cells is the key to producing new cells? In the past, due to technical limitations, there was always no definite answer.
▲Schematic diagram of the structure of a single liver lobule: The liver cells can be roughly divided into three layers from the center to the periphery.
There are veins and bile ducts in the center and the periphery (picture source: reference [4]).
In the two studies, scientists developed With new tools and new methods to track and identify proliferating cells in the liver, the mystery of the source of newborn hepatocytes is finally solved.
The first study was led by Dr.
Zhou Bin from the Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science (Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology) of the Chinese Academy of Sciences.
The research team established a new technology called ProTracer that records cell proliferation in vivo with high temporal and spatial resolution.
Using ProTracer, researchers directly label newborn hepatocytes in the liver of adult mice, and can monitor the proliferation signals of hepatocytes multiple times over a long period of time during the slow self-renewal process of the liver.
"ProTracer is like a video recorder.
Once activated, it can record cell proliferation uninterrupted for months or even years.
" The researchers said.
▲Using ProTracer to monitor the newborn hepatocytes (red) in the liver of adult mice, according to the distribution of related markers (blue and green), it can be seen that the newborn hepatocytes mainly gather in the middle area of the liver lobules (picture source: reference material) [1]) Another study came from the research group of Professor Hao Zhu from the Texas Southwestern Medical Center (UT Southwestern).
They used gene knock-in technology to construct 11 new genetically modified mouse strains and labeled hepatocyte populations in different regions with fluorescent markers.
Coupled with the other three existing mouse strains, researchers have begun to track the "fate" of different liver cell populations on an unprecedented scale: which will increase over time, which will disappear, and which will be damaged in the liver.
It is then responsible for filling the damaged area.
▲In the profile of liver lobules, a type of hepatocytes expressing specific genes are marked with fluorescent markers (picture source: reference [2]) Although the methods used are different, the two research teams have found that whether it is to maintain liver stability under normal conditions The state is to repair and regenerate after injury.
Mature liver cells located in the middle area of the liver lobules (area 2) are the main contributors to the production of new cells in the entire liver.
▲The two studies jointly pointed out that the proliferation ability of hepatocytes in different sections of the liver lobules is different, and the proliferation ability of hepatocytes in the middle zone (zone 2) is the strongest (picture source: reference [3]) This discovery also put an end to the past related liver A major controversy over regeneration is whether to maintain regeneration through rare stem cell populations.
"By widely distributing the partitions with proliferation potential, the liver can achieve rapid response to injury by proliferating the healthiest hepatocytes without using stem cells.
" The researchers concluded.
"Identified that hepatocytes in zone 2 are regenerative cell populations, which can answer the basic questions of liver biology, and also bring important significance for understanding and treating liver diseases.
" Professor Hao Zhu said, "In addition, it is constructed for the study of different liver cell types.
The tool can also further detect how different cells respond to liver damage or genetic changes that lead to liver cancer. Source of title picture: 123RF reference materials[1] Lingjuan He et al.
, (2021) Proliferation tracing reveals regional hepatocyte generation in liver homeostasis and repair.
Doi: 10.
1126/science.
abc4346[2] Yonglong Wei et al.
, (2021) ) Liver homeostasis is maintained by midlobular zone 2 hepatocytes.
Science Doi: 10.
1126/science.
abb1625[3] Emma R.
Andersson (2021) In the zone for liver proliferation.
DOI: 10.
1126/science.
abg4864[4] Scientists identify cells responsible for liver tissue maintenance and regeneration.
Retrieved March 24, 2021 from https://medicalxpress.
com/news/2021-02-scientists-cells-responsible-liver-tissue.
html[5] Science article: Zhou Bin's research group develops cell proliferation New tracing technology and discovery of the source of adult liver cells Retrieved March 24, 2021 from http://cemcs.
cas.
cn/kyjz/202102/t20210224_5960414.
html
