Revealthe role of pregnancy health in shaping the microbiome of pregnant infants.

In recent years, researchers have found that the composition of early-life activity is critical not only to the physiology and development of newborns, but also to their future health.
abnormal flora causes neonatal diseases by causing immune and metabolic system disorders, and also increases the risk of related diseases in childhood and adulthood.
delivery (natural or caesarean section), feeding (breast milk or formula), antibiotic intake, diet and environmental exposure can all lead to abnormal neonatal flora.
epidemiological survey data have established a clear correlation between these factors and multiple diseases.
, for example, there are significant differences in the microbiome between caesarean sections and newborns born naturally, who lack certain microbiomes in the mother's reproductive tract, and those who are generally immune to cesareans and have an increased risk of chronic diseases such as obesity, allergies and asthma.
have clinical trials and even attempts to restore these components by transplanting germ-thyme groups in the hope that cesarean babies can acquire the flora they should have.
for a long time, it is generally believed that the uterine cavity is a sterile environment, newborns only at birth only the first contact with microorganisms, so almost all knowledge and clinical intervention is based on the theory of acquiring the flora after childbirth or after birth, the initial microflora of newborns and the influence of pregnancy and prenatal flora structure, there are still many unsolved mysteries.
actually, it's not clear when and how human microbes start.
the first exposure to microbes in a newborn baby occurs before or after birth? Can pregnancy health change the mother's microbiome and pass it on to the baby? Recently, Zhao Fangqing of the Beijing Institute of Life Sciences of the Chinese Academy of Sciences published a research paper entitled "Dysbiosis of maternal and microbiota with gestational diabetes mellitus" in the internationally renowned academic journal Gut (IF 16.658), introducing their latest results in the study of the initial flora and changes in newborns, and making important progress in revealing the role of pregnancy health in shaping the microbiome of pregnant infants.
researchers collected thousands of samples from 486 body sites in 486 pregnant women and newborns over a two-and-a-half-year period. Most of the newborns selected
were cesarean, and the sample types included amniotic fluid, mouth, throat and intestines, all taken from the intestines within seconds of delivery, avoiding contamination by maternal reproductive tract microbes during childbirth and rapid proliferation of bacteria after birth, thus reflecting the colony implantation before birth.
especially in the throat of the newborn body, in the caesarean section process will not be exposed to the outside environment, can completely eliminate the disturbance of maternal and surrounding flora.
based on deep sequencing and analysis of the 16S rRNA gene, the researchers detected a variety of bacteria from all sample types of newborns, which were more diverse than the vaginal flora of pregnant women, some of which were even close to the mouth and intestines of pregnant women, and the sample types formed distinct clusters of different clusters when clustering.
these evidences suggest that the initial microflora of newborns was implanted much earlier than previously assumed, and that primitive site-specific community differentiation had actually occurred in the uterine cavity.
To further explore the contribution of the mother to the neonatal flora, the researchers used gestational diabetes as a case to reveal the effects of microbial disturbances caused by health during pregnancy on the neonatal flora.
results observed that the microbiome composition of newborns with gestational diabetes in mothers changed significantly, and the characteristics of convergence and development were shown among the samples of the disease group. not only
, whether it is the abundance or correlation of the genus, many bacteria in newborns and pregnant women between the change trend is highly consistent, indicating that gestational diabetes may shape a similar structure of pregnant infant flora during pregnancy, of course, may also be the changed maternity flora vertical transmission to future generations.
by macrogenome sequencing of newborn intestinal samples, the researchers also found that changes in neonatal flora associated with gestational diabetes led to reduced metabolic potential of gut microbes and increased detection rates of the virus, which could pose a risk to the health of newborns.
the study proves that newborns have acquired microbial "seeds" before birth, and that the implanted flora has developed more site-specific differentiation than the original.
although we don't yet know how they pass from mother to fetus, these findings will help us better understand the origins of human microbes and the effects of pregnant women's flora on fetal health.
this study shows another potential genetic form, the bacteriological genetics, which gives us an insight into the contribution of pregnancy health to the formation of the early bacterial formations of newborns' life activities, emphasizes the importance of understanding the gestational microbiome, and provides a promising idea that the initial flora is regulated and the interaction between microorganisms through maternal intervention to reduce the risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes from pregnancy diseases.
Associate Researcher Wang Jinfeng of the Beijing Academy of Sciences of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dr. Shi Wenxuan and Dr. Zheng Jiayong, Director of the Obstetrics and Gynecology Laboratory of Wenzhou People's Hospital, are the co-first authors of the paper, and Zhao Fangqing, researcher of Beijing Academy of Health Sciences, is the author of the newsletter.
research has been supported by the National Natural Science Foundation's outstanding youth projects and surface projects, the national key research and development program, and the key deployment projects of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (microbiome program).
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