Risk factors are different for men and women!

Liver cancer is the sixth most common cancer in the world and the third leading cause of cancer-related death, with more than 910,000 new cases each year
.

According to epidemiological studies, 4-22% of liver cancer cases in Western countries are attributable to non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD)

Little is known about the gender-specific impact and potential role of the non-linear association between metabolic syndrome (MetS) components and liver cancer risk
.

This study evaluated these associations based on the British Biobank Group: to clarify (1) the relationship between METS and metabolic factors, including central obesity, hyperglycemia, hypertension, lipidemia and liver cancer risk, and emphasize gender differences ; (2) Investigate the potential non-linear association between metabolic factors and the risk of liver cancer

During the follow-up of 3116,398 person-years, we recorded 276 liver cancer events (175 men and 101 women) among 474,929 participants (219,383 men and 256,276 women)
.

Table 1 shows gender-related baseline participant characteristics based on MetS status

During the follow-up of 3116,398 person-years, we recorded 276 liver cancer events (175 men and 101 women) among 474,929 participants (219,383 men and 256,276 women)

Nearly a quarter of the participants were identified as MetS (male: N = 56,766, 25.

Compared with male participants without METS, male participants with MetS had a 48% increased risk of liver cancer (HR = 1.
48, 95% CI, 1.
27+1.
72)
.

There is insufficient evidence to prove that there is an association between MetS and the risk of liver cancer in women

Compared with male participants without METS, male participants with MetS had a 48% increased risk of liver cancer (HR = 1.

Table 3 shows the gender-specific impact of individual METS component characteristics on the risk of liver cancer
.

For male participants, central obesity (HR = 1.

Table 3 shows the gender-specific impact of individual METS component characteristics on the risk of liver cancer

Further evaluate the non-linear association between a continuous single MetS component and the risk of liver cancer by gender (Figure 1)
.

Both men and women, higher waist circumference (WC) and blood sugar are associated with a significantly increased risk of liver cancer
.

Specifically, in men and women, for every centimeter increase in waist circumference, the risk of liver cancer increases by 2%; in men, glucose is associated with an increased risk of liver cancer (increased risk per unit 1.

Both men and women, higher waist circumference (WC) and blood sugar are associated with a significantly increased risk of liver cancer
.
Specifically, in men and women, for every centimeter increase in waist circumference, the risk of liver cancer increases by 2%; in men, glucose is associated with an increased risk of liver cancer (increased risk per unit 1.
19, 95% CI, 1.
12-1.
26 ), but not relevant in women (increased risk per unit of 1.
09, 95% CI, 0.
95-1.
26).
A U-type relationship was observed between HDL cholesterol and liver cancer risk, and was affected by gender interaction

In men, at the low end of the HDL cholesterol range, HDL cholesterol is negatively correlated with the risk of liver cancer (<1.
37 mmol/L); in women, when HDL cholesterol is higher than 1.
52 mmol When /L, the risk of liver cancer increases
.
Gender also shows the interaction between DBP/SBP and liver cancer risk, and the U-shaped association is only seen in women
.
If the diastolic blood pressure in women is higher than 81.
29 mmHg, the higher diastolic blood pressure is associated with a significant increase in risk; in men, the risk may decrease slightly, but there is no evidence of a linear relationship
.
There is insufficient evidence to show that there is a correlation or interaction between TG and liver cancer risk
.

In men, at the low end of the HDL cholesterol range, HDL cholesterol is negatively correlated with the risk of liver cancer (<1.
37 mmol/L); in women, when HDL cholesterol is higher than 1.
52 mmol When /L, the risk of liver cancer increases
.
Gender also shows the interaction between DBP/SBP and liver cancer risk, and the U-shaped association is only seen in women
.
If the diastolic blood pressure in women is higher than 81.
29 mmHg, the higher diastolic blood pressure is associated with a significant increase in risk; in men, the risk may decrease slightly, but there is no evidence of a linear relationship
.
There is insufficient evidence to show that there is a correlation or interaction between TG and liver cancer risk
.

In summary, during a median follow-up of 6.
6 years, we observed that METS [HR 1.
48, 95% CI 1.
27]1.
72] and central obesity [HR 1.
65, 95% CI 1.
18] 2.
31] were associated with a higher risk of liver cancer in men.
But it is not relevant in women
.
Participants with high blood sugar had a higher risk of liver cancer
.
High waist circumference and blood sugar are associated with an increased risk of liver cancer in both sexes
.
For high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol (gender) and blood pressure (female), a U-shaped association was observed
.
Low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (<1.
35 mmol/L) in men and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (>1.
52 mmol/L) in women are associated with an increased risk of liver cancer
.

Overall, this large prospective study shows that there is a gender-specific linear or U-shaped association between a single METS component and liver cancer risk, but controlling the recent global METS epidemic may help reduce the burden of liver cancer
.
In addition, since both male and female high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and female blood pressure are U-shaped associated with liver cancer, controlling the levels of these health indicators within an appropriate range may be an effective primary prevention method to reduce the risk of liver cancer
.

There is a gender-specific linear or U-shaped association between individual METS components and liver cancer risk, but controlling the recent global METS epidemic may help reduce the burden of liver cancer
.

 

Original source:

Xia et al.
Metabolic syndrome and its component traits present gender-specific association with liver cancer risk: a prospective cohort study.
BMC Cancer (2021) 21:1084
https://doi.
org/10.
1186/s12885-021-08760-1

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