Saving fertilizer and medicine, high agricultural benefit

Green prevention and control of plant diseases and insect pests are carried out in various places according to local conditions
.
In the East Asian migratory locust breeding area of ​​the Huanghuaihai Sea, ecological control and biological control have been carried out for many years, and no large-scale locust disaster has occurred in the past 10 years
.
In the southern rice areas, the integrated application of prevention and control technologies such as unified plowing, deep-water pupal killing, sex attractant killing, and timely padding has effectively improved the ecological environment of farmland and further improved the quality and safety of agricultural products
.

Guided by the concept of green development, a series of fertilizer-saving and medicine-saving models blossomed everywhere
.
As of the end of last year, the nationwide spread of soil testing and formula fertilization technology has exceeded 1.
93 billion mu times, the technology coverage rate reached 89.
3%, and the green prevention and control area exceeded 800 million mu
.
New fertilizers such as slow-release fertilizers and water-soluble fertilizers have been popularized and applied in an area of ​​245 million mu times, and organic fertilizers have been applied in an area of ​​more than 550 million mu times
.

Make up for technical shortcomings, improve the extension system, and let more farmers get good benefits

In the Benzhong Shengda Planting Cooperative in Henan Zhai Town, Miyun District, Beijing, bees have become pesticide "supervisors" in the greenhouse
.
In 2015, two-level plant protection stations in Beijing and Miyun District joined forces to promote integrated technologies for bee pollination and green prevention and control of pests and diseases
.
Because bees are highly sensitive to pesticides, the amount of pesticides must be reduced during the growth period of vegetables and safer pesticides should be used
.

"Whether farmers can accept green prevention and control technologies depends on benefits in the end
.
" Sun Hai, a senior agronomist at the Beijing Plant Protection Station, said frankly that many farmers did not believe in new technologies at first, and it would cost about 400 yuan to buy a box of bumblebees.
Farmers would rather pollinate them manually with pesticides
.

"It is stuffy and hot in the greenhouse.
There are hundreds of thousands of flowers per acre of tomatoes.
It takes at least seven or eight days for artificial pollination to be completed.
It costs more than 1,500 yuan to hire people
.
If the spray concentration is not well controlled, all deformed fruits will grow
.
"Benzhong Shengda Cooperative Chairman Wang Yongsheng found that after pollination with bumblebees, the yield of tomatoes per shed increased by about 1,000 kilograms, the rate of deformed fruits dropped from more than 20% to about 3%, and the income per mu of land increased by more than 5,000 yuan
.

"Little bees have brought great benefits
.
" Wang Yongsheng said with a thumbs up.
Now not only tomatoes, but also strawberries and watermelons in the village have been pollinated by bees
.

How to better promote the technology of saving fertilizer and medicine?

"At present, there are some technical and mechanism shortcomings that need to be made up urgently
.
" He Ping gives an example.
From a technical point of view, the release characteristics, mechanisms and influencing factors of different types of organic fertilizers are not very clear at present, but they are directly related.
As far as the ratio and effect of organic fertilizer substitution are concerned, it is necessary to strengthen scientific research in this area
.
From a mechanism point of view, soil testing and formula fertilization need to be completed by professionals at fixed points, while crop planting is tight, and overall planning needs to be strengthened
.
In view of the fact that the main body of agricultural production in China is still small farmers, He Ping suggests to increase the promotion of fertilization and prevention and control technologies that are convenient for small farmers, and strengthen related subsidies and support
.

"The promotion of fertilizer-saving and medicine-saving technologies must be shown to farmers and led by farmers
.
" Wei Qiwen said that in view of the current weaknesses, it is necessary to speed up the construction of related technology research and development and extension systems, and gradually refine and improve different regions and different crops.
Scientifically fertilize and use the technical plan, strengthen agricultural technology training and guidance services
.
At the same time, give full play to the demonstration and leading role of new business entities to increase the coverage of green production
.

In Lanxi County, Heilongjiang, the rapid development of agricultural trust services has effectively promoted the green prevention and control of pests and diseases
.
"We purchase green fertilizer and medicine products in batches from large agricultural materials companies, and provide services such as pest control and no-tillage seeding for each household.
Moreover, the whole process of trusteeship is 40 yuan cheaper than farmers' own planting
.
" County Ruifeng Corn Planting Du Yadong, chairman of the cooperative, said
.

In order to encourage more farmers to use green prevention and control technologies, the Beijing Plant Protection Station launched a demonstration project for reducing pesticide use in facility vegetables in 2017
.
In the prevention and control of vegetable diseases and insect pests in facilities in the project area, farmers can obtain a certain percentage of quota subsidies with natural enemies, biological pesticides, pollinating insects and other green prevention and control products.
The city, district, and village have also set up three-level plant hospitals to strengthen green prevention and control technologies.
Consulting services
.

Layout design: Zhang Danfeng

　　"People's Daily" (18th edition on December 04, 2020)