Say no to the tumor! PD-1 occupies the market high ground.

(Health Times reporter Liang Jie) In the last two years of cancer treatment, PD-1 inhibitors are definitely the most dazzling star drug. It because of the anti-tumor efficacy of good eyeballs, has become domestic and foreign pharmaceutical giants competing for research and development occupied the market highlands.Who
PD-1?
PD-1, known as Programd Death-1 (PD-1), Chinese translated as procedural death molecule 1, is a negative costimulator found in recent years. PD-L1 (Programmed Death Ligand-1) is a ligand of PD-1, which, when combined with PD-L1, provides an inhibitory signal to induce apoptosis of T cells, inhibitthement of activation and proliferation of T cells.
"PD-1 and PD-L1 antibody drugs produce anti-tumor effects by destroying the immune escape mechanism of tumor cells." Qin Yan, deputy director of oncology medicine at the Oncology Hospital of the Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, said.
Because our own body's immune system has immune surveillance, when cancerous cells appear in the body, the immune system is able to identify these "abnormal" cells and remove them through immune mechanisms. The PD-1 antibody, by binding to PD-1 on the surface of the T cell, prevents it from binding to PDL-1 on the surface of the cancer cell, making PD-L1 unable to induce apoptosis of T cells, thus protecting the anti-tumor immunity of T cells.Mo Shujin, a professor in the Department of Clinical Oncology at the School of Medicine at the Chinese School of Medicine in Hong Kong,
, once made a vivid analogy to how PD-1 antibodies work: "If white blood cells are police officers in the human body, cytotoxic T Cell (i.e. cytotoxic T cells) is the agent, and cancer cells are the bad guys." Theoretically, because the outer membrane of cancer cells has Antigen (antigen), immunity can effectively identify and attack cancer cells. But because the cancer cells have a weapon, PD-L1, combined with the PD-1 of the T-cell receiver, convince the T-cell that comes to attack that it is 'self-human', causing the T-cell to stop attacking. "
to the tumor Say No!
" the treatment mechanism of killing tumor cells using the body's own immune action is very effective. Qin Yan said. PD-1 and PD-L1 antibodies have seen efficacy in advanced lung cancer, stomach cancer, kidney cancer, melanoma, bladder cancer, sarcoma and lymphoma. For example, in patients with advanced melanoma, the effective rate is 17-40%, and the remission rate of advanced kidney cancer and bladder cancer is 12% to 29% and 25% respectively.
" although the effect is very good, but in China has not yet been listed. At present, domestic patients using PD-1 monoaabtheon therapy compliance approach to participate in clinical trials. Qin Yan said.
in addition, in September 2016, the Production of Pimmsa, produced by Merck, the United States, passed the Hainan Entry-Exit Inspection and Quarantine Bureau health quarantine and drug environmental acceptance, for foreign anti-cancer drugs opened up a "green channel."
patients need to apply for PD-1 drug treatment to Hainan Cancer Hospital, and can accept PD-1 drug treatment in the hospital after passing an examination to meet the conditions for indications.
this is a chance for many patients who are eligible for PD-1 drug indications to receive the latest medications from abroad without going abroad.
PD-1 drug market cut-off
according to the U.S. Clinical Trialregistration and Information Corporation platform shows that in January 2017 AstraZeneca PD-L1 monoanti-Durvalumab in China and other countries opened a new Phase III clinical trial, recruited for PD-L1 highly expressed advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients, into the group of 440 people, 352 people in China.In March
, Pfizer and Merck, a new drug for the treatment of metastatic Merkel cell carcinoma, and Bavencio (avelumab), were launched. Bavencio's listing is currently on the market including Keytruda, a Mercado PD-1 inhibitor for "melanoma" "non-small cell lung cancer" "metastatic head and neck cancer" and "Hodgkin lymphoma"; The PD-1 inhibitor Opdivo, and Roche's anti-PD-1 or PD-L1 drug cuts, which are also targeted at "advanced or metastatic urethra cancer" and "non-small cell lung cancer" of Tecentriq, are also in the white heat.
, however, there is also a huge risk of failure in the field of developing PD-1 drugs. On May 11th Roche Pharmaceuticals announced that its PD-L1 antibody Tecentriq (generic name atezolizumab) had failed clinically in stage III of bladder cancer called IMvigor211, allowing the PD-1 drug market to continue to ferment.
domestic PD-1/PD-L1 research and development also echoes foreign markets.
Hengrui, Cinda, Junshi, Baiji Shenzhou of various phase II, III research are also flocking to the horse. Among them, Hengrui Pharmaceutical SHR-1210 is the leading, has been pushed to Phase III stage, Junshi, Cinda, Baiji Shenzhou are in Phase II stage, other manufacturers, also in the I stage or declaration of clinical stage.
is understood that the current international market, PD-1 or PD-L1 drug prices average 15000 to 30000 yuan per 100 mg.
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