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January 12, 2021 // -- Scientists from the Indiana Institute of Biological Sciences and others have found that identifying new treatments for autoimmune diseases may require research into the immune system and their target tissues, according to a recent study published in the international journal Science Advances entitled "Gene expression signatures of target tissues in type 1 diabetes, lupus erythematosus, multiple sclerosis, and rheumatoid arthritis."
Photo Source: Decio L. Eizirik, M.D., Indiana Biosciences Research Institute, says we must move away from the current "immune-centric" view of autoimmune diseases, and indeed try to understand the pathogenesis of these diseases by focusing on the immune system and ignoring targeted tissue, perhaps as if trying to fly an airplane with one wing;
The immune system is supposed to protect the body from infectious diseases or tumors, however, during the onus, the immune system mistakenly attacks and destroys parts of the body, leading to a variety of diseases, such as type 1 diabetes, systemic lupus erythematosus, multiple sclerosis or rheumatoid arthritis, which have almost half the same genetic risk, and chronic local inflammation and mechanisms that can lead to targeted tissue damage.
Despite all the commonality, different autoimmune diseases have traditionally been independently studied, and researchers focus only on the immune system rather than the body's targeted tissue;
'This study may help us pre-cure type 1 diabetes; to find tissue-destroying pathways common to multiple autoimmune diseases or to significantly accelerate our development of new therapies for type 1 diabetes; drugs that can be used effectively in one autoimmune disease may also be beneficial to the treatment of other diseases, but also to be quickly redirected by researchers to improve the quality of life of other patients,' said Dr. Frank Martin, a researcher.
To test this hypothesis, the researchers analyzed gene expression data from patients with or against disease tissue in the four autoimmune diseases, and the results revealed major common gene expression changes in the targeted tissues of the four autoimmune diseases, a common candidate for TYK2, a special protein that regulates interferon signals.
the researchers note that TYK2 inhibitors are now used to treat other autoimmune diseases to protect β cells from immuno-mediated damage, and this study highlights the importance of studying the dialogue between the target tissue of autoimmune diseases and the immune system to better understand the genetic and natural history behind these devastating human diseases and is expected to help develop a variety of new therapies.
() Original source: F. Szymczak,M. L. Colli,M. J. Mamula, et al. Gene expression signatures of target tissues in type 1 diabetes, lupus erythematosus, multiple sclerosis, and rheumatoid arthritis Science Advances06 Jan 2021: Vol. 7, no. 2, eabd7600 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abd7600