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An international team led by scientists at Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine claimed that based on mouse research, farnesol found in herbs, fruits and fungi is an antibacterial compound that can prevent and reverse Parkinson’s disease (PD) related brain damage
.
Tremors, muscle stiffness, confusion, and dementia-characteristic of PD-are caused by the loss of neurons that secrete dopamine, the neurotransmitter molecule that regulates mood, movement, and cognition
.
The loss of dopamine neurons in Parkinson’s disease patients is particularly evident in the substantia nigra region of the midbrain.
Researchers have discovered that farnesol, which is commonly used in flavoring and perfume making, can prevent the loss of dopamine-releasing neurons in the rat's brain by inactivating a protein called PARIS (Parkinson's Reaction Matrix)
.
The human brain anatomy of PD patients and PD models showed that the content of PARIS increased due to the inactivation of the parkin enzyme that decomposes PARIS
"Science Translational Medicine" (Science Translational Medicine) magazine published an article entitled "Parkinson's disease model PARIS Fani Aging to prevent neurodegeneration" ("PARIS farnesylation Prevents Models of neurodegeneration in Parkinson's disease.
" ) Article, The article details how researchers screened a large number of drug libraries to find drugs that inhibit PARIS, thereby determining the potential of farnesol
.
The author believes that farnesol can guide the development of new PD interventions targeting Paris
Financial support for this work came from the JPB Foundation, the Healing Parkinson's Trust Fund, the Bachman-Strauss Muscle Asthenia and Parkinson Foundation, the Adriana Hollis Malvern Medical Research Foundation, and Diana Hellis Henry Medical Research Foundation and National Institutes of Health
.
Two patents are related to this research
"Our experiments show that farnesol can significantly prevent the loss of dopamine neurons and reverse the behavioral defects in mice, which indicates that it is expected to be a potential drug treatment to prevent Parkinson's disease," said Dr.
De Dawson said
.
Director of the Cell Engineering Institute at Johns Hopkins University and Professor of Neurology at the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine
The accumulation of PARIS slows down the synthesis of the protective protein pgc-1α, which can protect brain cells from the destruction of reactive oxygen molecules
.
Reactive oxygen molecules are a kind of metabolites that will accumulate over time if they are not actively removed from the system
Researchers fed mice supplemented with farnesol food or a normal diet for a week to determine whether farnesol could protect the brain from the effects of Paris accumulation
.
To achieve this goal, the researchers used several pd transgenic mouse models.
These mice produced excess PARIS.
Mice injected with PARIS-containing adeno-associated virus in the midbrain were selectively inactivated in the brain.
Adult mice of parkin, and sporadic PD mouse models produced by injection of fibrin-synuclein
.
In these different models, the researchers showed that mice fed farnesol performed better in strength and coordination tests designed to detect the progression of Parkinson's disease
.
When the researchers compared the brain tissue of Parkinson's disease mice fed with farnesol and a control group, they found that the mice fed a farnesol supplement diet had twice as many healthy dopamine neurons than the mice in the control group
.
The content of pgc-1 in the brains of mice fed with farnesol was also about 55% higher
In biochemical experiments, the researchers confirmed that the process of combining farnesol with PARIS is called farnesylation, which changes the shape of the protein so that it can no longer prevent the production of pgc-1α
.
Although farnesol is produced naturally, this compound can also be produced synthetically and used for commercial purposes
.
The amount people consume through their diet is unclear
.
Researchers warn that the safe dose of farnesol for human use has not been determined
.
Strictly controlled clinical trials are needed to determine the safe dose
.
Dawson and his team hope that farnesol will one day be used to develop treatments to prevent or reverse PD brain damage
.