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Written by | Xuyue Editor | Enzyme Mei Multiple sclerosis (multiple sclerosis MS) is a chronic inflammatory demyelinating central nervous system disease
.
The process of demyelination of the brain and spinal cord is mediated by an immune response, possibly caused by viral infection
.
Among them, Epstein-Barr virus (Epstein-Barr virus) is a major cause
.
Epstein-Barr virus belongs to the family of human herpesviruses and is latent in B lymphocytes after infection
.
MS patients will develop MS at a certain chance after being infected with EBV, but individuals without EBV infection will not develop MS
.
However, the causal relationship remains unclear
.
The team of Alberto Ascherio from Harvard Medical School published an article entitled Longitudinal analysis reveals high prevalence of Epstein-Barr virus associated with multiple sclerosis in Science
.
This paper demonstrates the association of EBV infection with the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis using large longitudinal sample data
.
The authors used 20 U.
S.
military enlisted blood samples from 1993-2013 for EBV testing and found that 5.
3% of the samples were negative for EBV
.
The authors documented a total of 955 MS cases, each with three blood samples
.
A total of 801 MS patients and 1566 controls were analyzed for EBV infection
.
Testing of blood samples about a year before the onset of MS found only one of 801 samples was negative for EBV
.
The median time from EBV test positive to MS onset was 5 years
.
Compared with the seroconversion rate of 57% in non-MS patients, the seroconversion rate in MS patients is as high as 97%
.
For another herpes virus, CMV, there was no significant difference in the incidence of MS between CMV-positive and CMV-negative individuals
.
Similar to other neurological disorders, MS changes pathologically before symptoms appear
.
To further elucidate the temporal relationship between EBV infection and MS, the authors used an ultrasensitive single-molecule assay to measure serum concentrations of sNfL
.
The authors have previously reported that sNfL levels increase 6 years before MS onset
.
The authors found that sNfL levels increased after EBV infection
.
This suggests that EBV infection predates not only the onset of MS symptoms, but also the rise of the first detectable marker of MS
.
To further explore whether immune dysregulation in the preclinical stage can increase viral susceptibility, the authors randomly selected 30 MS patients and 30 corresponding controls, and collected serum samples before and after MS onset
.
The authors used Yircan's method to detect the antiviral antibody profile of serum
.
Yircan is a T7 phage-mediated immunoprecipitation and sequencing technology that can detect antibodies against about 200 known human pathogenic viruses and about 110,000 peptides in serum
.
It was found that except for the different antibodies against EBV, there was no significant difference in the antibody reactivity of the sera to the viral peptides between the two time points of the disease group and the control group
.
This suggests that there is no difference in susceptibility to the virus between the preclinical and early clinical stages of MS
.
Antibodies recognizing EBV were significantly elevated in both pre- and post-onset samples, supporting an EBV-specific association with MS
.
One patient sample from MS patients was EBV negative
.
This sample was collected 3 months before the onset of MS, suggesting that EBV was not the cause of this patient
.
This patient may have been infected with EBV after the last collection, may not have seroconverted after infection, or may have been misdiagnosed
.
Another explanation is the aetiological diversity of MS
.
But the risk of MS in EBV-negative individuals is extremely low
.
Most cases of MS so far are caused by EBV, so vaccination can be given to increase protection
.
The most effective current therapy for MS is an anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody that inhibits circulating memory B cells, cells that are latent EBV-infected
.
While direct targeting of EBV has many advantages, it also responds to an increased risk of infection due to its necessity for intravenous administration
.
In this study, a large number of before-and-after control samples were used to prove that EBV infection was the main cause of MS pathogenesis
.
The authors propose that the development of EBV vaccines should be accelerated based on this study
.
Link to the original text: https:// Publisher: 11th Reprint Notice [Original article] BioArt original article, welcome to forward and share personally, reprinting is prohibited without permission, all the published articles are The copyright of the work is owned by BioArt
.
BioArt reserves all legal rights and violators will be held accountable
.
.
The process of demyelination of the brain and spinal cord is mediated by an immune response, possibly caused by viral infection
.
Among them, Epstein-Barr virus (Epstein-Barr virus) is a major cause
.
Epstein-Barr virus belongs to the family of human herpesviruses and is latent in B lymphocytes after infection
.
MS patients will develop MS at a certain chance after being infected with EBV, but individuals without EBV infection will not develop MS
.
However, the causal relationship remains unclear
.
The team of Alberto Ascherio from Harvard Medical School published an article entitled Longitudinal analysis reveals high prevalence of Epstein-Barr virus associated with multiple sclerosis in Science
.
This paper demonstrates the association of EBV infection with the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis using large longitudinal sample data
.
The authors used 20 U.
S.
military enlisted blood samples from 1993-2013 for EBV testing and found that 5.
3% of the samples were negative for EBV
.
The authors documented a total of 955 MS cases, each with three blood samples
.
A total of 801 MS patients and 1566 controls were analyzed for EBV infection
.
Testing of blood samples about a year before the onset of MS found only one of 801 samples was negative for EBV
.
The median time from EBV test positive to MS onset was 5 years
.
Compared with the seroconversion rate of 57% in non-MS patients, the seroconversion rate in MS patients is as high as 97%
.
For another herpes virus, CMV, there was no significant difference in the incidence of MS between CMV-positive and CMV-negative individuals
.
Similar to other neurological disorders, MS changes pathologically before symptoms appear
.
To further elucidate the temporal relationship between EBV infection and MS, the authors used an ultrasensitive single-molecule assay to measure serum concentrations of sNfL
.
The authors have previously reported that sNfL levels increase 6 years before MS onset
.
The authors found that sNfL levels increased after EBV infection
.
This suggests that EBV infection predates not only the onset of MS symptoms, but also the rise of the first detectable marker of MS
.
To further explore whether immune dysregulation in the preclinical stage can increase viral susceptibility, the authors randomly selected 30 MS patients and 30 corresponding controls, and collected serum samples before and after MS onset
.
The authors used Yircan's method to detect the antiviral antibody profile of serum
.
Yircan is a T7 phage-mediated immunoprecipitation and sequencing technology that can detect antibodies against about 200 known human pathogenic viruses and about 110,000 peptides in serum
.
It was found that except for the different antibodies against EBV, there was no significant difference in the antibody reactivity of the sera to the viral peptides between the two time points of the disease group and the control group
.
This suggests that there is no difference in susceptibility to the virus between the preclinical and early clinical stages of MS
.
Antibodies recognizing EBV were significantly elevated in both pre- and post-onset samples, supporting an EBV-specific association with MS
.
One patient sample from MS patients was EBV negative
.
This sample was collected 3 months before the onset of MS, suggesting that EBV was not the cause of this patient
.
This patient may have been infected with EBV after the last collection, may not have seroconverted after infection, or may have been misdiagnosed
.
Another explanation is the aetiological diversity of MS
.
But the risk of MS in EBV-negative individuals is extremely low
.
Most cases of MS so far are caused by EBV, so vaccination can be given to increase protection
.
The most effective current therapy for MS is an anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody that inhibits circulating memory B cells, cells that are latent EBV-infected
.
While direct targeting of EBV has many advantages, it also responds to an increased risk of infection due to its necessity for intravenous administration
.
In this study, a large number of before-and-after control samples were used to prove that EBV infection was the main cause of MS pathogenesis
.
The authors propose that the development of EBV vaccines should be accelerated based on this study
.
Link to the original text: https:// Publisher: 11th Reprint Notice [Original article] BioArt original article, welcome to forward and share personally, reprinting is prohibited without permission, all the published articles are The copyright of the work is owned by BioArt
.
BioArt reserves all legal rights and violators will be held accountable
.
