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    Home > Medical News > Medical World News > Science reveals how the brain recognizes these "simple" things to eat, drink and fear

    Science reveals how the brain recognizes these "simple" things to eat, drink and fear

    • Last Update: 2020-10-31
    • Source: Internet
    • Author: User
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    If the brain is a simple thing that is easy to understand, then we can't understand it because the mind is simple.
    - Lyall Watson is hungry to eat, thirsty to drink, afraid of threats, is the basic ability of our survival and reproduction in the course of natural evolution.
    , however, these seemingly simple activities are surprisingly complex for the brain that commands the body and require a variety of nerve cells to work together.
    In the latest issue of Science, a leading academic journal, neuroscientist at the Howard Hughes Institute of Medicine (HHMI) in the United States presents an imaging technique they have developed over five years that allows them to decode how different types of nerve cells in the brain work together, allowing mice to develop more than a dozen behavioral states, including eating, drinking water, and fear.
    study, we built an imaging platform from the beginning to try to study the relationship between gene expression, neuron activity, and animal behavior in a comprehensive, systematic, and un preferenceless way.
    , lead author of the study and co-author of the study, said.
    " new approach and perspective will provide scientific guidance for understanding and treating neurological disorders.
    " Xu Shengjin is the study's first author and co-author (photo source: study authors provide) Researchers say that if the brain is compared to an orchestra, its functions are equivalent to playing different music, and the different types of nerve cells are like different instruments.
    in this work, the scientists decided to listen to a mouse "PVH orchestra" play.
    PVH, or hypothyroidal bypass, is a key brain region that regulates diet, stress, and reproduction, where neurons affect animals' instinctive behavior by releasing oxytocin, hypertension, adrenal corticosteroid-promoting hormones, thyroid-promoting hormones, and many other hormones.
    work, the researchers first carefully classified neurons of PVH.
    using single-cell RNA sequencing, the researchers identified 12 signature genes and defined neurons as 10 molecular types based on how well they were expressed in cells.
    the expression of the iconic gene, PVH neurons can be divided into 10 molecular types (Photo Source: Reference 1) followed by the highlight of the study.
    to analyze the activity of these neuron types in multiple behavioral states, the team developed a new technique called CaRMA (Calcium and RNA multiplexed Activity) imaging.
    First step, when mice are hungry, eating, thirsty, drinking water, panic and other behavioral states, using dual photon calcium imaging technology and gradient refractive index column mirror (GRIN lens), while recording the activity changes of hundreds of neurons in PVH;
    using the CaRMA imaging technique schematic (photo source: Reference 1), the researchers found that neurons of the same molecular type had similar reactions in specific behaviors.
    means that based on the gene expression spectrum of neurons, it is expected to predict how they will behave in a particular behavior.
    further analysis of neuron activity in 11 behavioral states, they found that one type of neuron was not involved in only one particular behavior.
    is like an instrument of an orchestra, not just soloing in one piece of music, but playing multiple pieces of music in conjunction with other instruments as needed.
    10 types of PVH neurons are combined in different forms of activity to encode different behavioral states (Photo Source: Reference 1) And interestingly, the researchers also found the band's "conductor."
    Using machine learning to systematically analyze the relationship between the function of nerve cells and gene expression, they found that the amount of expression of Npy1r (type 1 neuropeptide Y-subject) in multiple neurons best predicts the functional response of neurons in various behavioral states, suggesting that neuropeptide Y is likely to be the conductor of the PVH neural band.
    , co-author of the study, said the findings challenge some of the past understanding of brain-functioning tissue, according to co-author Professor Scott Sternson, co-author of the study, which regulates the responses of many neurons in PVH in different behavioral states (Photo: Resources1).
    because the prevailing view is that each type of PVH neuron assumes a specific function and reacts to specific trigger conditions.
    but the results from CaRMA imaging show that this is not the case.
    at least in PVH, which regulates diet and stress, different types of cells encode multiple behaviors in different combinations," he said.
    "As for how various types of neurons participate in and regulate different behaviors in other brain regions, there are no answers, but CaRMA imaging provides a technical guarantee to answer these questions."
    in addition to revealing the normal function of the brain, Professor Sternson points out that this approach, which associates neuron activity with its potential molecular composition, could also help us understand brain disease and take an important step towards designing new therapies.
    References to the World, (2020) Behavioral State by coding by molecularly defined paravenicular hypothalamic cell type ensembles. Science. Doi: A new chinese links gene expression to neuron activityy when survival behaviors Original title: Science: Eat, drink, fear, these "simple" things scientists finally see how the brain does
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