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    Home > Active Ingredient News > Digestive System Information > "Science" Sub-Journal: Intermittent fasting is not a panacea

    "Science" Sub-Journal: Intermittent fasting is not a panacea

    • Last Update: 2021-06-29
    • Source: Internet
    • Author: User
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    Fasting every other day or "5:2" and other intermittent fasting diets may be the most effective way to lose weight
    .


    In recent years, the diet of fasting for a few days a week has become more and more popular.


    Studies in mice have shown that restricting food supply to certain periods can improve metabolic health, even though this fasting deviates from the animal’s natural continuous foraging pattern
    .


    A review of human trials has shown that intermittent fasting can lead to weight loss and improved health, but these metabolic effects may be due to weight loss rather than fasting itself


    However, June 16, new British research team of the University of Bath in "Science Translational Medicine" published in the journal fasting "and nothing special"
    .

    Fasting "is nothing special"
    .


    Fasting "is nothing special"


    I.
    Templeman el al.
    A randomized controlled trial to isolate the effects of fasting and energy restriction on weight loss and metabolic health in lean adults, Science Translational Medicine .
    DOI: 10.
    1126/scitranslmed.
    abd8034

    I.
    Templeman el al.
    A randomized controlled trial to isolate the effects of fasting and energy restriction on weight loss and metabolic health in lean adults, Science Translational Medicine .
    DOI: 10.
    1126/scitranslmed.
    abd8034

    It takes at least 12 to 14 consecutive hours of absolute nutritional withdrawal to cause the complete depletion of liver glycogen stores, and the subsequent transition to endogenous lipid substrate oxidation, increase insulin sensitivity, and improve cardiovascular Healthy, and still maintain muscle mass during weight loss
    .


    Early fasting of men with pre-diabetes improved their insulin sensitivity within 5 weeks, but did not lose weight.


    It takes at least 12 to 14 consecutive hours of absolute nutritional withdrawal to cause the complete depletion of liver glycogen stores, and the subsequent transition to endogenous lipid substrate oxidation, increase insulin sensitivity, and improve cardiovascular Healthy, and still maintain muscle mass during weight loss


    A recent experiment showed that alternate fasting periods of about 36 hours with about 12 hours of free eating every other day can significantly reduce fat mass and cardiovascular disease risk indicators for non-obese people within 4 weeks
    .


    However, the study did not include a continuous energy-restricted control group


    This study compared alternate-day fasting with a continuous energy-restricted control group, and isolated the independent and combined effects of fasting and dietary energy restriction on body composition, energy balance, metabolic health, and gene expression in subcutaneous adipose tissue
    .

    In this randomized controlled trial, with the same calorie intake, participants who fasted lost less weight than those who followed a traditional diet
    .


    Thirty-six people participated in the study, which was conducted during 2018-2020 and was funded by the University of Bath


    The trial was organized by a team from the University’s Center for Nutrition, Exercise, and Metabolism (CNEM), and participants were assigned to one of three groups
    .

    Group 1: Fasting every other day, after the fasting day, eat 50% more than usual
    .

    Group 2: Reduce 25% of calories in all meals every day
    .

    Group 3: Fasting every other day (the method is the same as the first group), but one day after the fasting day, eat 100% more than usual
    .

    At the beginning of the study, participants in the three groups consumed an average of about 2000-2500 kcal per day
    .


    During the three-week monitoring period, the two energy restriction groups reduced it to an average of between 1500-2000 kcal-the first and second groups reduced their calorie intake by the same amount in different ways


    It was found that the non-fasting diet group (group 2) lost 1.
    9 kg in just three weeks .
    Scans showed that the weight loss was entirely due to the decrease in body fat
    .

    The non-fasting diet group (group 2) lost 1.
    9 kg in just three weeks The non-fasting diet group (group 2) lost 1.
    9 kg in just three weeks

    In contrast, the first group fasted every other day, ate 50% more on non-fasting days, experienced the same calorie intake reduction, and lost almost 1.
    6 kg of weight.
    Half of this weight loss was due to fat.
    Decrease, the remaining decrease is muscle mass
    .

    The first group fasted every other day, ate 50% more on non-fasting days, and experienced the same reduction in calorie intake, and weight lost almost 1.
    6 kg.
    Half of this weight loss was due to fat loss, and the rest was reduced.
    It is muscle mass
    .


    The first group fasted every other day, ate 50% more on non-fasting days, and experienced the same reduction in calorie intake, and weight lost almost 1.
    6 kg.
    Half of this weight loss was due to fat loss, and the rest was reduced.
    It is muscle mass
    .

    The third group increased energy intake by 100% on non-fasting days, but the weight loss was negligible
    .

    Daily energy restriction (group 2) is to reduce body fat mass to cause weight loss, and weight loss caused by fasting every other day is caused by the reduction of fat and fat-free mass, regardless of whether the energy restriction is continuous or intermittent The amount of visceral fat will decrease (Figure 1A).
    Figure 1B shows the intake of each dietary nutrient during the baseline monitoring period and during each intervention
    .
    These changes in energy intake from baseline are different between the groups, which is consistent with the experimental model
    .

    Figure 1C shows the energy expenditure of each part (resting metabolic rate, thermogenesis caused by diet, and thermogenesis of physical activity), and the difference in total energy expenditure between groups
    .
    Only when interday fasting is combined with energy restriction will the drop from baseline occur
    .
    The pattern of total energy expenditure is attributed to a slight decrease in resting metabolic rate and changes in nutrient intake.
    Thermogenesis caused by diet will continue to decrease as predicted
    .
    Therefore, if energy restriction is adopted every day or every other day, the reduction in diet-induced thermogenesis must be proportional to the reduction in energy intake
    .
    Figure 1D shows the matrix oxidation data before and after the intervention after eating a standardized breakfast; the total energy consumed within 3 hours after the meal was reduced in all groups
    .
    Although the overall rate of matrix oxidation was not affected by fasting alone or a combination of weight loss, for the daily energy restriction group, the lipid oxidation rate of the two fasting groups during this period increased from before to after intervention
    .
    In terms of thermogenesis of physical activity, different responses to fasting and energy restriction have been observed.
    Specifically, the restriction of energy intake by fasting every other day leads to a decrease in thermogenesis of physical activity, mainly due to a decrease in light and moderate exercise
    .
    During the daily energy restriction or the interday fasting period without energy restriction, the heat production of physical activity did not decrease
    .
    Figure 1F shows the overall reduction in physical activity energy expenditure during energy-limited fasting, mainly due to the reduction in activity during the fasting period
    .

    Only when interday fasting is combined with energy restriction will the drop from baseline occur
    .
    Only when interday fasting is combined with energy restriction will the drop from baseline occur
    .

     

     

    A dietary intervention has different effects on fasting concentration or postprandial plasma glucose, insulin, non-esterified fatty acids, glycerol, total cholesterol, or high-density or low-density lipoprotein cholesterol
    .
    Although the triglyceride concentration during fasting did not respond differently between different dietary interventions, the total area under the curve did show the difference between the before and after groups, which reflected the increase in triglyceride concentration when energy was restricted every day, and the restriction of the gastrointestinal tract The decrease in triglyceride concentration during energy
    .

    In the before and after reaction of plasma leptin concentration, the difference between the groups was obvious, and the daily energy restriction group had the largest decrease
    .

    Current research shows that, among thin, healthy adults, fasting every other day is less effective in reducing body fat content than the equivalent energy limit of not fasting every day
    .

    In general, fasting or energy restriction has no effect on cardiometabolic or intestinal hormone response, except that fasting plasma leptin concentration is proportional to the change in fat mass, and gene expression in subcutaneous adipose tissue is not shown.
    Clear fasting specific changes
    .

    In general, fasting or energy restriction has no effect on cardiometabolic or intestinal hormone response, except that fasting plasma leptin concentration is proportional to the change in fat mass, and gene expression in subcutaneous adipose tissue is not shown.
    Clear fasting specific changes
    .
    In general, fasting or energy restriction has no effect on cardiometabolic or intestinal hormone response, except that fasting plasma leptin concentration is proportional to the change in fat mass, and gene expression in subcutaneous adipose tissue is not shown.
    Clear fasting specific changes
    .

    Original source:

    https://stm.
    sciencemag.
    org/content/13/598/eabd8034

    https://stm.
    sciencemag.
    org/content/13/598/eabd8034 Leave a message here
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