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Tick is an important vector for spreading zoonotic diseases
.
As a strict blood-sucking arthropod, ticks can bite almost all animals on land, and have a long blood-sucking time, a large amount of blood, and a complicated life history
Lyme disease is a natural foci disease caused by Borrelia burgdorferi infection.
It is usually transmitted by the black-legged tick (I.
scapularis) as a vector
.
In the United States alone, more than 40,000 cases of Lyme disease are reported each year, and the actual number of infections may be ten times higher
The pandemic of the new crown pandemic has allowed mRNA vaccines to be approved quickly.
With the large-scale application of mRNA new crown vaccines, people have seen the power of mRNA vaccines
.
Therefore, some researchers have begun to study the preventive potential of mRNA vaccines in preventing tick-borne diseases
On November 17, 2021, researchers from Yale University School of Medicine published a research paper titled: mRNA vaccination induces tick resistance and prevents transmission of the Lyme disease agent in Science Translational Medicine , which was also selected as the current issue.
Cover paper
.
The study did not target specific tick-borne disease pathogens, but instead used lipid nanoparticles (LNP) to deliver mRNAs of 19 proteins (19ISP) found in the saliva of black-legged ticks to encourage the skin to bite the tick.
The rapid response will limit the time for the tick to suck blood and infect the host, and it will also allow the host to quickly detect the tick bite, thereby preventing Lyme disease transmitted by the black-legged tick
.
This mRNA vaccine can provide protection in guinea pigs against Lyme disease infection caused by black-legged tick bites.
Because the vaccine is for black-legged ticks, not specific pathogens, it can also combat other tick-borne diseases
.
Because ticks carry a large number of pathogens, tick bites can cause the spread of many diseases.
Therefore, the research team did not target specific ticks-transmitted pathogens, but developed vaccines against ticks
.
The Erol Fikrig team of Yale University School of Medicine and the team of Drew Weissman of the University of Pennsylvania, the founder of the mRNA vaccine, conducted research on the black-legged tick that transmits Lyme disease.
The saliva of the black-legged tick contains many types of proteins.
Focus on 19 of them (19ISP)
.
Using the mRNA fragments that produce these proteins as the basis of the vaccine is the same strategy adopted in the new coronavirus mRNA vaccine
Compared with guinea pigs that have not been vaccinated with mRNA vaccines, guinea pigs vaccinated with the vaccine quickly turn red at the site of the tick bite.
If the tick is removed at this time, these vaccinated guinea pigs will not be infected with Lyme disease, but nearly 50% Of unvaccinated guinea pigs can become infected
.
When a tick bites and is not removed, guinea pigs vaccinated will not be infected with Lyme disease, and 60% of unvaccinated guinea pigs will be infected
.
When three ticks bite and are not removed, the vaccine's protective effect on guinea pigs will be weakened, but the ticks attached to the guinea pigs that have been vaccinated cannot eat actively and fall off more quickly
.
When a mosquito bites you, it will immediately feel itchy, reminding you to drive away the mosquito, but often you can't feel it when a tick bites, because the tick secretes a substance that numbs the skin
.
The research team said that this mRNA vaccine will not only allow the immune system to recognize ticks, thereby preventing Lyme disease
.
Moreover, the vaccine will make the tick bite site become red and itchy quickly, making the tick bite become as quickly detected as a mosquito bite, thereby further helping to remove the pathogen before it spreads
The research team said that the mRNA vaccine may provide broader protection than a vaccine against a specific pathogen, and it can also be used in combination with traditional pathogen-based vaccines to further improve protection
Erol Fikrig, the corresponding author of the paper, said that more research will be conducted to determine that the protein in tick saliva can be used to prevent tick-borne diseases, and eventually human experiments will be conducted to determine the efficacy of the vaccine
Original source:
Original source:ANDALEEB SAJID, et al.
mRNA vaccination induces tick resistance and prevents transmission of the Lyme disease agent in this message