Scientific connotation of "Immortality" -- a new strategy for the discovery of anti-aging drugs

With the popularization and improvement of the medical system and the emergence of new drugs for treatment and prevention, human beings are gradually getting rid of the problem of disease, and then turn to hope to prolong life, that is, the ancient long cherished wish - immortality Different from the delusion of feudal superstition in the past, "Immortality" is accompanied by the progress of science and technology in modern society People have a new understanding of it A deep understanding of the scientific connotation of "Immortality" will also help us to find out the precise strategy of developing anti-aging drugs The article "new strategies for anti aging drug discovery" published in 2017 detailed the latest research results of aging mechanism and related drug research The author condensed the essence of the article in order to provide readers Foreword aging is a process of gradual accumulation and change that gradually destroys biological functions and reduces the ability of cells or organisms to resist metabolic stress Although aging is an inevitable process, research shows that it has a great degree of plasticity, we can regulate the speed of aging In recent years, there have been a series of experimental studies under the category of "anti-aging" These diverse research methods gradually reveal the complexity of aging process Early strategies rely on limiting oxidative stress to provide anti-aging benefits However, up to now, dietary antioxidant supplementation and polyphenol use have failed to reach conclusive results in human trials Heat control (CR) analogues are scientifically justified and open up exciting possibilities for human intervention New methods (activation of AMPK, sirtuins, inhibition of mTOR) are targeted at individual pathways that have been identified as playing an important role in promoting longevity Other strategies, such as telomerase activation, autophagy induction, PMRs activation, stem cell therapy, selective elimination of senescent cells and epigenetic regulation, provide promising and potential targets for anti-aging research 1、 Calorie control (CR) and its analogues, Cr, refer to a 20-60% reduction in the intake of a high calorie diet, but will not lead to undernutrition Among all alternative interventions for longevity, dietary restrictions or more specific CRS show great potential Some researchers believe that limiting the intake of dietary proteins or more specifically specific amino acids, such as methionine, may have the effect of prolonging life McCay et al First provided evidence in 1935 that a 40% reduction in calorie intake might increase the average and median life span of rats by 50% The results of subsequent studies emphasized that the life prolongation effect of Cr can be observed in animals ranging from invertebrates to primates It is now clear that CR can reduce the incidence rate of many age-related diseases, such as diabetes, cardiovascular disease, various neurological disorders, tumors and obesity Although McCay believed that CR played a role by delaying growth, later, with the study of Hamann's theory of free radical aging, it was speculated that CR played a role by reducing oxidative stress 1.1 inhibition of glucose processing and absorption 1.2 growth hormone (GH / IGF-1) axis inhibitor 1.3 amp activated protein kinase (AMPK) activator 1.4 mTOR inhibitor 2, telomerase activation 3, autophagy inducer 4, plasma membrane redox system activator 5, sensitive therapy 6, epigenetic regulator The epigenetic modification of DNA including DNA methylation, histone modification and microRNA expression changes will lead to the change of gene expression Epigenetic dysregulation is the root cause of several age-related diseases (including cancer, atherosclerosis, type 2 diabetes, neurodegenerative and psychiatric diseases) and the decline of immune response Therefore, it is a promising research opportunity to regulate the epigenetic regulators responsible for these changes in enzyme activity 6.1 HDAC inhibitor 6.2 sirtuin activator 7 Stem cell therapy reference 1 Komal Saraswat & Syed Ibrahim Rizvi (2017) new strategies for anti aging drug discovery, expert operation on drug discovery, 12:9, 955-966, DOI: 10.1080/17460441.2017.1349750