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    Home > Food News > Food Articles > Scientists confirm the true auditory transductive ion channel

    Scientists confirm the true auditory transductive ion channel

    • Last Update: 2021-03-03
    • Source: Internet
    • Author: User
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    is not only closely related to people's daily life, but also one of the important research issues in the field of science. Of the five senses defined by Aristotle, the receptor genes that mediate smell, taste, vision, and touch have been identified one after another. But the core question of sound perception, which gene encodes the ion channel responsible for auditory transducting, remains a mystery.
    Fudan University School of Life Sciences Professor Zhai Zhiqiang team, the team of suzuki and the University of Tokyo professor Yumuli team, finally confirmed that TMC1/2 is located in cochlear hair cells in the real auditory transductive ion channel, solve the problem that has plagued the field of hearing for nearly 40 years. Recently, the relevant research results published online in Neuron.human perception of sound begins with the Cody's device in the inner ear. The Coty's contains more than 16,000 hair cells, and the mechanical conduction channel that converts sound from mechanical signals to electrical signals is thought to be located on a step-by-step arrangement of hair cell bundles. About 40 years ago, scientists recorded the auditory transfer current of auditory hair cells, but after years of research, the molecule responsible for auditory transductivity has not been identified, has become an important problem in the field of auditory.
    Just as car failure has a lack of fuel, steering wheel failure, tire burst tires and other possible causes, auditory transduction channels also have a number of candidate genes, which may affect auditory transduction, including the TMC1 and TMC2 genes.
    TMC1 and TMC2 were first found in deaf patients, and they are proteins necessary for mechanical transductive currents of hair cells, located at the tip of static fibre hair where mechanical transductivity occurs, and are expressed in hair cells. Previous studies have explained the importance of the TMC1 and TMC2 genes that encode transfilm channel-like proteins to hearing in mice through genetic methods.
    previous studies, we know that TMC1 mutations in mice alter the properties of their mechanically sensitive currents. But it has been unclear whether the TMC1 and TMC2 proteins are ion channels and mechanically gated. Zhai Zhiqiang said.
    ion channel is a variety of inorgeous ion cross-membrane passive transport path, passive transport of ion concentration gradient from high to low flow, and door control like a switch door, there is a clearance process. "When you open a door, when you open a door to let something in, these are two characteristics of door control." Zhai Zhiqiang said.researchers found that TMC proteins are difficult to transport to cell membranes when expressed in cultured cells, causing their electrophysiological characteristics to be difficult to record properly. To overcome this technical challenge, they found another way to treat the purified TMC1 and TMC2 proteins into lipid weight groups, in-body to see if the TMC protein actually functions as an ion channel.
    " simple understanding, lipid weight group is that we use artificial methods to create a 'cell', it has the same double-layer membrane structure as cells, but different from the real cells, so it is called lipid weight group. Zhai Zhiqiang said.
    for in-body reconstruction, the team screened TMC proteins from 21 different species using orthosectant screening, using a thermal stability test (FSEC-TS) based on fluorescence detection volume displacement chromatography. Among them, TMC1 (CmTMC1) from green turtles and TMC2 (MuTMC2) from tiger-skin parrots can be expressed at high purity in insect cells.
    " gene expression refers to the process of synthesizeing genetic information from genes into functional gene products, including transcription and translation. Zhai Zhiqiang told the China Science Daily that this is like planting wheat in different places, some high yield, some low yield, some can not even grow out, "gene expression is similar, but also high expression, low expression and non-expression of the situation." When we do experiments, we want to express a high amount of good purity."found that TMC proteins do have ion channel activity, which is shown by the ability of the adlyssed voltage to cause the protein pores to open spontaneously, generating current. By using high-speed pressure clamps to apply pressure to recombined cmTMC1 and MuTMC2 channels, they found that both respond directly to mechanical forces, and that the response current strength and the probability of single-channel opening increase with the pressure exerted.
    same time, the researchers constructed several cmTMC1 mutation proteins with conservative amino acid mutations based on the Tmc1 mutant protein that causes deafness in mice. In-body liposome reconstruction and functional experiments have shown that these mutant proteins 10 have ion channel activity defects, or mechanical response defects.
    although the team's research focused on CmTMC1 and MuTMC2, it was highly evolutionaryly conservative with the TMC1 and TMC2 proteins in mice. "In other words, the results found in CmTMC1 and MuTMC2 are basically believed to apply equally to TMC1 and TMC2 proteins in mice. In this respect, mice are very similar to people. This suggests that in mammals, TMC1/2 is probably also an ion channel and is equally capable of responding to mechanical forces. In addition, TMC1/2 is also closely related to hearing loss in humans. He added.
    " study identifies the ion channels of auditory transductivity, which, in medical research, can help further explore the therapeutic mechanisms for hearing impairment, and the accumulation of treatment cases can also help to detect new mutations. The team will also continue to work on the study of the pathogenesies of hearing loss in newborns and their prevention, diagnosis and treatment, he said.
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