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Scientists have found that people with larger brains also have better memory, logic and responsiveness.
the major findings come after a 200-year study that sought to find a link between brain size and cognitive performance.
MRI scans revealed the link, and scientists conducted the largest study to date on 13,600 people.
researchers from the United States and the Netherlands compared the brain capacity of THE MRI scan scans to cognitive and educational achievements.
the study, published in the journal Psychological Science, is the most comprehensive example of its kind and the largest of its kind. Professor Gideon Nave, of the University of Pennsylvania at
, who led the study, said: "The results suggest that, in general, people with larger brains perform better on cognitive tests than people with smaller brains.
" the study was based on a data set containing information on more than half a million Britons.
it included information about their health and genes, as well as brain scans from 20,000 participants. "This gives us an answer we've never had before," said Philip Koellinger, a professor at the Free University of Amsterdam in the Netherlands at
and co-author of the study.
" the sample size is huge -- 70 percent more than all previous studies on the subject combined -- allowing us to more reliably test the relationship between brain size and cognitive ability.
" the study found "substantial differences" in the size of the brains of men and women, but that did not affect cognitive performance. "Like height, there are considerable differences in brain volume between men and women, but that doesn't translate into differences in cognitive performance," said Gigideon Nave, a professor at the University of Pennsylvania
.
other studies have shown that women's cerebral cortex - the outer layer of the front of the brain - tends to be thicker than men's. Professor
Nave said: "This may explain the fact that although women's brains are, on average, relatively small, there is no significant difference in cognitive performance between men and women.
" the researchers tested participants on logic, memory, and reaction times, but did not test the knowledge they gained over time, as the test produced a "relative noise measurement" of general cognitive performance.
team tried to assess a person's intelligence with only the size of the brain. other factors
include height, socioeconomic status and genetic ancestry.
, for example, height is related to the size of the brain.
brain volume is an indicator of cognitive ability and educational achievement (or qualification).
researchers point out that measuring cognitive performance is a daunting task, and that the study has its drawbacks.
researchers stress that while their findings reveal a link between brain size and cognition, no one "measures the size of a job seeker's head" at a job fair. "Think about computers - if you have more transistors, you can calculate and transmit more information faster, " says Professor
Naf.
" to some extent, the brain may be similar - if you have more neurons, it may give you a better memory or do more tasks in parallel.
", however, the reality could be much more complex.
"For example, we can consider the possibility that the larger the brain generated by a highly hereditary nature, the more likely it is to be a better parent.
in this case, the link between the larger brain and test performance may only reflect the effect of parental upbringing on cognitive abilities.
" he said, without more research, we would not be able to get to the bottom of it.
researchers hope that a deeper understanding of the biological basis of cognitive performance will help shed light on the environmental factors that shape our intelligence. "Suppose you have the biological conditions necessary to be a great golfer or tennis player, but you never get a chance to play and you never realize your potential," says Professor
Nave. "We hope that if we understand the biological factors associated with cognitive performance, it will enable us to identify environmental conditions in which people can best demonstrate their potential and maintain cognitive health,"
.
", they also plan to determine whether certain areas of the brain, or their connections, have played a role in promoting intelligence.
as early as 1836, German anatomist Friedrich Tiedemann wrote in the journal "There is no doubt that there is a link between the absolute size of the brain and the intelligence and function of the brain." "Since then, experts have been divided over whether his guesses are correct because brain imaging methods such as MAGNETIC resonance imaging allow them to reliably assess brain capacity more reliably than ever before,"
.
, an international team of researchers led by the University of Vienna found a strong but weak link between brain size and IQ.
, they concluded that brain structure is important.
.