Seeing is really living in the world of the past, the brain "spoofs" you.

See for the truth, presumably when you look at things are recognized this principle.
but sometimes what you see may not be actual, but some of the images that the brain predicts.
brain to predict, because the outside information from the retina to the visual center takes a certain amount of time, prediction can ensure that we judge the trajectory of the object, help avoid danger or hunt prey, improve survival rate.
but it also means that we are really living in the world of the past.
you must have had the following experience, when a rubber or pen cover fell off the table, the moment they landed they bounced out, and they saw it flying in a certain direction, but along that direction to find, but how can not find.
then the rubbers disappear completely, or they strangely appear in a place completely different from your impression, and they muse: completely unreasonable, just now clearly did not see it flying this way.
but it doesn't only make sense, but it's also been discovered by scientists why the brain "cheats" you, or the brain is so confident in predicting where an object will go, so you believe it passively.
this phenomenon, mainly because the brain nervous system is not responding fast enough, the process of external information from the retina to the visual central system will be delayed.
to keep our bodies moving coherently, the brain begins to predict the trajectory of objects.
use predictions to compensate for lagging visual information being captured from the outside world and transmitted to the visual system, a process that takes about tens to hundreds of milliseconds, and we respond to visual information in about 120 milliseconds.
in terms of slow-moving objects, this lag doesn't affect us much, and this transmission also gives the brain time to react, allowing us to more accurately understand the outside world and predict where the object will move next.
but apart from rubber-to-ground bombs, like tennis balls or baseballs flying in the air, they can be very fast in an instant.
for example, the hit tennis ball can fly as fast as 28 meters per second, in which case, the information lag will have a big impact.
Because when we sense the ball, the actual position of the ball has flown forward about 3 meters, and we actually perceive the position before the ball, in other words, we perceive a world in the past, a slower than the reality.
How can the brain accurately control the body's racket to the ball? That's the brain's predictive power.
brain can predict the movement or event of an object, which is not new to neuroscientists.
this prediction gives life basic survival, such as when you cross the road in front of a speeding car, the brain's predictive power allows you to determine whether you will be hit by the car, thus ensuring the safe passage of the road.
researchers have long found that giving the brain some predictive visual stimulation can lead to follow-up reactions to the visual system more quickly than unpredictable visual stimuli, a phenomenon that has been proven in cats, crickets and humans.
in a predictive trajectory, the brain reacts 15 milliseconds faster.
, researchers at the University of Amsterdam also found that this early prediction creates neuronal patterns in the visual cortex stimulation, and that this characteristic brain-electrical pattern is only associated with predicting events.
in a 2017 study in Nature Communications, scientists at the University of Ladbold in the Netherlands designed a series of predictable flashing points that allow the brain to predict the flashing pattern of the next point in advance and even show a complete flashing sequence.
all this means that by giving a certain movement or sequence trajectory, the brain will begin to decide for itself what will happen next.
But what if the brain's predictions go wrong? Prediction is an instinctive recent study in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences that extends on to previous experiments.
they also observed the subjects the points with trajectories and sequences, and the points in the experiment flashed in the same order as the clock was moving.
this process.
researchers tested their brains in EEG.
after the first round of training, the researchers were able to identify what kind of brain waves were accompanied by the participants when they saw the series of points.
in subsequent observation already, the subjects' brains began to predict these points and were able to express the brain wave form corresponding to the next point in advance before the next point flashed.
, however, the researchers used a trick here to play the brain, which is to suddenly let the next point disappear in a flashing cycle.
in this case, if the point at the 12 o'clock position suddenly disappears, the researchers found that the brain still exhibits the electroencephalogram as the flashing point advances to the 1 o'clock position, which means that the subjects can still "see" the flashing point advancing.
this predictive brain pattern disappears only when the subject's eyes see the visual information that the flashing point disappears to the visual cortex.
this process can be like throwing a elastic ball toward the floor, and when it bounces and flies over the ceiling, you can even feel like the ball is going through the ceiling.
this is because the brain predicts that the trajectory of the ball will keep going up, but this feeling is fleeting, and as the elastic ball is pulled back by gravity, the brain corrects its own prediction.
in another experiment, the researchers replaced the disappearance of the flashing point with a reverse operation, i.e. when the flashing point ran to 12 o'clock, abnormally moving in the direction of 11 o'clock.
this time, the brain still performs the wrong prediction, and still produces a 1-point brain pattern.
And when visual information is transmitted to the visual cortex, the brain immediately realizes that something is wrong.
as new signals are entered, the brain's previously mispredicted brain patterns go straight away, or the brain erases the prediction.
this is different from letting the flashing point disappear directly, where the flashing point reverses the brain's re-run in an unexpected way, which leads the brain to make new predictions and judgments.
this case, it will directly erase the previous prediction information, as if it had never made a mistake, and start a new round of information prediction.
and like a bounce-out rubber, when it bounces out of sight and loses the next visual information, the brain doesn't have follow-up information to correct, so we think the eraser flies in the direction predicted by the brain until we find out.
And for the lack of prediction accuracy, one possibility is that we can often see the trajectory of the ball being shot, but rubber is not common, so the trajectory is more difficult to predict, accuracy will be compromised.
this peculiar ability of the brain often puts us in a past.
that what you see is not what you get, what you feel now may be only the position or state of the object in the past.
2014, a study in Nature-Neuroscience also came up with a more exaggerated idea: that our perceived world is an average of past and present, and that the coffee you're slowly tasting, the people you're looking at face-to-face, all with information from 15 seconds ago.
and the new research indirectly confirms that we do live in a world of the past.
to compensate, the brain came up with a way to predict the resolution of events.
this prediction is important for the survival of life, and whether hunting or avoiding danger requires subtle brain prediction.
However, since predictions can't be 100% correct, and when we think we're right but confused by reality, it's just that the smart brain isn't willing to admit to predicting mistakes.
Source: Global Science.