Several articles explain new advances made by scientists in the field of regulatory T-cell research!

In this article, we've compiled and shared new advances that scientists have made in recent years in the field of regulatory T-cells! Photo credit: Frontiers in Immunology, 2015, doi:10.3389/fimmu.2015.00610.1 Journal of Science: Promising to treat a range of immune diseases! Inhibition of CDK8/19 promotes antigen-specific effects/memory T-cells to express Foxp3's Treg cell doi:10.1126/sciimmunol.aaw2707 Expression of Foxp3 transcription factor regulatory T-cells (Treg) play a key role in suppressing excessive immune responses, including autoimmune diseases.
promising way to suppress harmful immune reactions, such as autoimmune diseases and allergies, is to convert disease-mediated T-cells into immunosuppressive Treg cells.
In a new study, Japanese researchers sifted through a small molecular library and identified compounds that promote Treg cell differentiation based on their ability to inhibit cell cycle protein-dependent kinases CDK8 and CDK19, a finding recently published in the journal Science Immunology.
researchers found chemical inhibitions of CDK8 and CDK19, or knocking down or knocking out the CDK8 or CDK19 genes that can be found in the initial CD4-plus T cells (na? Foxp3 expression is induced in ve CD4-T cells, initial CD8-T cells, antigen-active effects/memory CD4-T cells, and antigen-active effects/memory CD8-T cells, of which Foxp3 is a key transcription factor that controls the function of Treg cells.
this induction is associated with STAT5 activation, has nothing to do with the effects of TGF-β, and is not affected by inflammatory cytokines.
. Stem Cells: Using interstitial cells to induce Treg cell differentiation doi:10.1002/stem.3185 A new study published recently in the journal Stem Cells shows for the first time that interstitial substitial cell-induced regulatory T-cells (Tregs) can replace naturally occurring T-cells, which is essential to protect the body from infection.
study, led by Dr. Rita I. Azevedo of the Lisbon Institute of Medicine in Portugal, could provide new treatments for a range of chronic inflammations, including cancer, asthma, inflammatory bowel disease, rheumatoids and other arthritis.
Azevedo said: "Treg plays a vital role in immune tolerance.
, for example, in stem cell transplants to treat leukemia and other blood diseases, lower Treg is associated with the development of GVHD.
, however, Treg is rare.
to find a stable alternative source of Treg may produce enough Treg for treatment.
" intercharged substation cells (MSCs) have been suggested as a way to achieve this.
these errmmune ancestral cells can be isolated from a variety of adult and post-birth tissues and can differentiate into multiple cell types.
, MSC, like Treg, forms an important immunomodulation population by inhibiting congenital and adaptive immune responses.
new discovery! CD8 regulatory T-cells used to kill pathogens or to effectively suppress the occurrence of autoimmune diseases doi:10.1038/d41586-019-02271-7 The immune system is able to derive complex mechanisms to react quickly to microbial invaders, while also protecting the host's own tissues, a delicately balanced regulation that relies heavily on the two main T-cells in the immune system that can be distinguished by special proteins expressed on the surface, namely CD4 or CD8, both T-cells, also known as CD4 T-cells and CD8 T-cells, are thought to kill infected cells and destroy foreign or abnormal cells; In the study, researchers Saligrama et al. reported on another role of CD8 T cells, which inhibit their own reactive CD4 T cells, as well as autoimmune diseases in mouse models with multiple sclerosis.
In previous studies, researchers have found that exposure to gluten in patients with coeliac disease not only activates the expression of CD4 T cells in the patient's body (CD4 T cells specifically recognize gluten), but also identifies a class of CD8 T cells, which play a role that researchers do not know; A similar coordinated T-cell response was detected, and EAE is a mouse model of multiple sclerosis that induces the production of autoimmune disease models by injecting the protein myelin-less protrusion glial glial glycosin (MOG) into the mouse body, and MOG is an ingredient in the outer layer of nerve cell fat- myelin;
Cell Rep: Cell Metabolism or Destiny Decision Between Pathological and Regulatory T Cells Doi:10.1016/j.celrep.2020.01 .022 Imbalances between two immune system T cells in patients with autoimmune diseases, such as multiple sclerosis, inflammatory bowel disease and rheumatoid arthritis, can lead to damaging Th17 cell levels of chronic inflammation in patients Increased levels of Trent cells (regulatory T-cells), which respond to inflammatory transplantation and play a key role in autoimmune diseases, decrease, and both cells come from the same pregenital cells, the original CD4 T cells, whose transition to Th17 cells or Treg cells begins with the same signal and then determines fate, as if it were a fork in the road, and their addiction to large CD4 cells would either be transformed into inflammatory T-cells, or into inflammatory T-cells.
, in a study published in the international journal Cell Reports, researchers from the University of Alabama at Birmingham conducted a preclinical study that revealed the key role cell metabolism plays in regulating cell fate decisions, which often occur in the early stages of CD4 T cell activation. Stage, this may raise the possibility that manipulating the metabolism of T cells may promise to provide a new type of potential therapeutic intervention to regulate the balance between pathogenic Th17 cells and Treg cells in the body of patients with chronic autoimmune diseases.
-Muc Immunol: Key Molecules or Key Roles in Regulatory T Cell Generation Doi:10.1038/s41385-019 -0182-0 In a recent study published in the international journal Mucosal Immunology entitled "JunB plays a key role in development of regulatory T cells by promoting IL-2 signaling", researchers from Toyo University School of Medicine revealed how to better equip the body's immune "brakes".
The immune system can help the body effectively ward off foreign invading pathogens, but abnormal activation can lead to autoimmune diseases, and regulatory T cells (Treg, regulatory T cells) play a key role in preventing excessive immune activation in the body, and mice that lack sufficient Treg function often develop autoimmune disorders and are susceptible to immune system diseases.
Photo Source: Nature: Reshaping regulatory T-cells to improve cancer treatment efficacy Doi:10.1038/s41586-019-1215-2 Although the use of the immune system against cancer therapy has made significant progress in fighting certain types of tumors, they are still ineffective for most cancer patients.
new study from the Centers for Immunization and Inflammation Disease (CIID) at Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH) describes a way to reprogram regulatory T cells that normally suppress immune responses to inflammatory cells, not only allowing but also enhancing the anti-tumor immune response.
study was published recently in the journal Nature.
Many patients' tumors do not respond to immunotherapy -- such as immunosuppression -- because tumor tissue lacks the inflammation necessary for inflammatory therapies to work, and the researchers note that our study shows that reprogrammed Treg cells provide exactly the type of inflammation that is lacking.
In fact, we found in mice that tumor-soaked Treg cells were reprogrammed to secrete inflammatory cytokines, making previously unresponsive tumors highly sensitive to PD-1 blocking.
( 7) Nat Immunol: Revealing how regulatory T lymphocytes help cancer cells evade the immune system's killer doi:10.1038/s41590-019-0346-9 Regulatory T cells (Regulatory T cells, Treg cells) is the key to maintaining host immune tolerance, but it is also a major obstacle to effective cancer immunotherapy.
Treg cells suppress the anti-tumor immune response by regulating the expression of inhibitory receptors on the surface of tumor-infested T lymphocytes (tumor-intoting lymphocytes, TILs), but so far researchers have not studied the regulatory factors and regulatory mechanisms behind them.
Recently, researchers from the University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine and others found that different Groups of Treg cells in the tumor microenvironment (TME) express cytokines IL-10 and IL-35 separately, by regulating the expression of several inhibitory receptors on CD8 plus TILs and the expression of transcription signals associated with depletion, synergy to promote tiLs depletion, the study was published in Nature Immunology.
Although the expression of BLIMP1 is a common target, the researchers found that IL-10 and IL-35 affected effect T lymphocytes and memory T lymphocytes, respectively, suggesting that they differed and partially overlapped in anti-tumor immunology regulation.
these results reveal the perfect collaboration between IL-10 and IL-35, previously undiscovered sources of Treg cells, contributing to the depletion of CD8 plus TILs that rely on BLIMP1, thereby successfully limiting the effective response to cancer immune responses.
: Nature: Revealing the mechanism of brain-regulated T-cells to promote nervous system recovery doi:10.1038/s41586-018-0824-5 In addition to maintaining immune tolerance, FOXP3 plus regulatory T cells (regulatory T cell, Treg) play a special role in tissue stabilization and remodeling.
However, the characteristics and function of the brain's Treg cells remain unclear because of the presence of small amounts of Treg cells in the brain under normal conditions In a new study, researchers from Keiji University and Near-Japanese University in Japan found that large numbers of Treg cells accumulate in the brains of mice after an isoemia stroke, which promotes nerve recovery during chronic isoemia brain injury, the study was published in the journal Nature.
Although brain Treg cells are similar to Trg cells in other tissues, such as visceral adipose tissue hungry muscles, they are clearly different and express unique genes associated with the nervous system, including the gene Htr7, which encodes serotonin-like 5-HT7.
in the new study, the researchers found that the proliferation of brain Treg cells relies on IL-2, IL-33, serotonin, and T-cell-like body recognition, and that their immersion into the brain is driven by the coercion factors CCL1 and CCL20.
Brain Treg cells inhibit neurotoxic astrogliosis by producing amphiregulin ---, a low-affinity ligation of the skin growth factor ---.
9: Muc Immunonl: Key Molecules or Key Roles in Regulated T Cell Generation Doi:10.1038/s41385-019-0182-0 Recently, a publication In a study published in the international journal Mucosal Immunology entitled "JunB plays a crucial role in development of regulatory T cells by promoting IL-2 signaling", researchers from Toyo University School of Medicine revealed how to better equip the body's immune "brakes".
The immune system can help the body effectively ward off foreign invading pathogens, but abnormal activation can lead to autoimmune diseases, and regulatory T cells (Treg, regulatory T cells) play a key role in preventing excessive immune activation in the body, and mice that lack sufficient Treg function often develop autoimmune disorders and are susceptible to immune system diseases.
researcher Dr. Takaharu Katagiri said, Treg cells