Several commonly used coating formulation design introduction.

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1 Introduction
Coating is a multi-component system, is a formula product, can not be used as a material alone, must be applied to the substrate surface or with the object to be applied, and according to the type of substrate, the environment used and the purpose of use and many other factors to the paint different requirements, and many of the properties of the coating are determined by the formulation of the coating.
different parts and different contents in the formulation will have a great impact on the performance of the coating, which requires us to study the formulation design of the coating, to study the different parts and different content in the paint formulation effect.
coatings are used in a variety of purposes, such as protection, decoration and marking, and these roles are mainly based on the formulation of coatings, for the design of coatings also have certain principles, but also need to consider a number of factors, including:
1) coating performance requirements . Such as gloss, color, various resistance, mechanical properties, the use of the environment and other special functions, etc
2) pigment fillers. The covering force, coloring force, density, oil absorption, surface polarity, fineness, weather resistance, light resistance and harmful element content of pigments,
etc. need to be considered; Consider the solubility, dissolution parameters, relative volatility rate, boiling point,
toxicity, etc. of the resin; Consider the compatibility with the system, the matching and toxicity of each other, and
5) substrate properties. The characteristics of different substrates are considered differently, steel, wood, plastic,
concrete, etc.; To meet customer requirements for product prices,
7) formula parameters. That is, the proportion of each part of the coating, such as yan-base ratio, solid
viscosity, etc.; Impact on formulation design. Such as spraying, roller coating, uV curing, brushing, electrophoresis and construction site environmental conditions.
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2 epoxy coating and its formulation design
epoxy coating refers to epoxy resin as the main film-forming material preparation of the coating, its curing method is mainly chemical reaction into the film, the epoxy resin and its modified polymer in the coating can be automatically oxidized polymerization, free-based polymerization, energy-triggered polymerization (radiation curing), shrinking curing, hydrogen transfer polymerization and catalytic polymerization of six chemical reactions to cross-curing film. Epoxy coating formula design in the same series of coatings using 2 or more curing mechanisms to replace a single curing mechanism, a good design of excellent performance of epoxy coating varieties, the diversity of film-forming methods for epoxy coating varieties innovation and paint performance prediction has laid a certain foundation.
At present, the designer is studying the synergeous fusion conditions of different curing reactions, continuously improving the efficiency of the film and coating quality, using the curing film process to design the formula of epoxy coating, showing the generalization of the formula design, theoretical guidance and practical operability.
1.1 Epoxy coating formulation design content
1.1.1 Innovation
that is, to improve and improve the performance of existing products, is to improve the original product on the basis of the original product, without changing the good performance of the original product on the basis of the formula to obtain better performance varieties, but also to avoid competition with homogeneity products.
1.1.2 Development of adaptive new varieties of formula coatings
With the improvement of modern enterprises on the requirements of coatings, different application areas and different protection parts should be used different paint varieties, which requires us to constantly develop new products to meet different needs, the implementation of supporting use.
1.1.3 The breakthrough in the development of coatings
coatings with independent intellectual property rights is based on innovation, which requires the development of new film-forming materials, pigments and additives to create new varieties of coatings with independent intellectual property rights.
1.1.4 substrate and its surface treatment
For coating performance, the most basic is to look at the coating film and substrate adhesion, and this performance is not only related to the performance of the coating itself, but also has a great relationship with the substrate, even if the same substrate, through a certain treatment, will greatly improve some of the properties of the coating, mainly as an improvement in adhesion capacity.
1.1.5 Paint use environment
for the choice of paint, the use of the environment is very important, for different use of the environment, the performance of the coating will be very different, so before choosing the paint, we must consider the environment used in the coating, indoor or outdoor, dry environment or humid environment, is used in the corrosive environment or in the general atmosphere, these factors must be considered clearly and then make a choice.
's choice of formulation design not only considers the above factors, but also considers many parameters, such as humidity including drying, humidity, immersion, etc., exposure to chemicals such as acids, alkalis, solvents, salt sprays, radiation, biological pollution, etc.
1.2 epoxy coating formulation design
coating formulation design has many methods, at present we apply more methods are mainly the following.
1.2.1 step-by-step method
step-by-step method is the traditional formulation design method, but also the most used method, mainly in accordance with the substation, curing agent, active thinner, solvent, pigment and additive sequence of each component screening, determine each component, then test and verification, and by the laboratory to determine the final formula and process, pilot production, after use in accordance with the requirements, the final batch production. This method is a more mature method of designing formulations, most of the paint formulations are designed and produced through this method.
1.2.2 fist ratio method
comparison method, also known as the comparison method, is mainly used to improve the coating formula, through comparison with the original product, the preparation of more excellent performance varieties, the formula improvement is actually an innovative process, the designer needs to use innovative thinking and technology to innovate the formula.
1.2.3 reverse method
reverse method is also a more application of a formula design method, this method is mainly directly for the use of paint performance requirements, to design the formula, so also known as inverted method, this method does not select the paint parts test, but the use of theoretical knowledge and technical experience to analyze the paint performance requirements, and then determine the basic formula, and then its performance testing, according to the test results and then optimize the formula, the final formula. This method can greatly reduce the time of formulation design and improve efficiency.
1.2.4 Empirical method
similar to reverse method, according to the coating requirements and use requirements, the use of experience to give the basic route of formula design, test program and basic composition, and then according to the problems, adjust the content of the formula, and finally determine the formula, to obtain satisfactory paint use effect. The designer used these methods to prepare a lot of epoxy coatings,
A,
has used step-by-step method for solvent-free epoxy coating formulation design, according to the epoxy resin type, curing agent, active thinner, pigment order to select the various components of the formula, determine the best formula, while exploring the use of lumbar phenol modified amine as a curing agent curing agent curing agent curing agent curing machine and examine the effect of silicone coupled film performance;
B,
some use the comparative preferred method on the wear resistance of the coating formulation design, the main factors affecting wear resistance are wear-resistant fillers, curing agent types and curing degree, the analysis of each component selection, and finally determined the best formulation of wear
-resistant coatings;
Some prepared a silicone modified epoxy resin two-part wear-resistant coating, and the use of responsive surface method to optimize the formulation of the coating to achieve optimal results; The selection of pigments and additives, solvents on the selection of optimization matching, design can be cured at room temperature, excellent performance of temperature-resistant anti-corrosion coating formula.
D,
used the traditional step-by-step method to design the formula of epoxy self-leveling floor coating, and introduced the construction process of the coating, and at the same time analyzed and solved the problems in the construction;
E,
using epoxy emulsion and curing agent as the main film-forming substances of water-based epoxy coating, examined the ratio of epoxy value to amine hydrogen value of the substance, coating solid content, de-foaming agent dosage and curing time on the effect of film performance, and finally obtained the optimal formula;
F,
liquid epoxy resin as the base resin, water-based amine as a curing agent, ammonium polyphosphate, melamine, tetraglycol, chlorinated paraffin as an expansion flame retardant system, nanoTiO, expandable graphite as a booster, composite iron titanium powder as anti-rust pigment, prepared steel structure with ultra-thin anti-corrosion paint.
Thus, the formula design of epoxy coating or the traditional step-by-step method, although can not say that the traditional method is not good, but after all, there are shortcomings, has now produced a lot of new formula design methods, such as computer method, this method can save a lot of time, and can control the production process of coatings, through the computer to color more efficient paint, these advantages are not traditional methods, so designers to innovate, we must be good at learning to apply the latest formula design methods, so as to develop new varieties of paint.
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3 Polyurethane coating and its formula
polyurethane coating refers to polyurethane resin as the main film-forming substance, and then with pigments, solvents, additives and other auxiliary materials prepared coatings, polyurethane coatings with high strength, strong wear resistance, excellent adhesion, good oil resistance, acid and alkalinity, water resistance and chemical resistance and other excellent properties.
addition, energy saving is a prominent feature of polyurethane coatings. These excellent properties of polyurethane coatings and its structure are closely related, polyurethane resin molecules contain a large number of urethane bonds, can form hydrogen bonds between large molecules, and due to the presence of hydrogen bonds, so that the internal polyurethane between molecules increased, improve the tear strength of polyurethane, which makes polyurethane coating film has a high mechanical wear resistance and toughness.
polyurethane resin can be mixed with many varieties of resin, so that the toughness of the coating film can be adjusted as needed, polyurethane film temperature can be high or low, construction energy saving, but also can be made into a variety of states of coatings, such as water-based, solvent-based, powder and filling coatings.
Based on the excellent performance of polyurethane coatings, its research is also of great concern, but because the resin used in polyurethane coatings is polyurethane resin, which has ammonia taste, harm to health, pollution of the environment, if the preparation of solvent-based polyurethane coatings, the solvent used is also volatile, large odor solvents, the same harm to human health, pollution of the atmosphere, which requires the preparation of non-polluting polyurethane coatings, people are currently mainly prepared powdered and water-based polyurethane coatings.
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4 acrylic coating and its formula
acrylic resin coating refers to acrylic resin as the main film-forming material prepared for the coating, acrylic resin and coating application is very extensive, so in the design of the formula first consider the application of the resin, the design procedure of the formula is as follows:
1) to determine the type of resin, thermoplastic, thermostate or double-part type;
2) determine what coating the resin is used to prepare;
3) determine the synthesis method of the resin;
4) determine the use requirements and construction process to be achieved by the designed resin and coating;
5) select the monosome according to the performance of the coating product;
6) analyzes the selected monobolic reaction capability, selects the individual that is easy to polymerize,
7) determines the process conditions of the polymerization reaction,
8) simulates the monosome ratio and makes the resin synthesis,
9) adjusts the formula of the monosome according to the results of the single-body ratio synthesis;
10) to determine the process procedures for resin synthesis, including polymerization methods, resin formulations, polymerization processes, resin quality indicators, etc., through analytical calculations and a large number of tests to verify.
Because of the excellent performance of acrylic coatings, has been applied to many fields, such as automotive decoration, home appliances, metal, coils, mechanical instruments, construction and many other fields, and for acrylic coating formulation design, the main factor is the synthesis of resins, resins of different synthesis methods and their synthetic conditions will greatly affect the performance of the coating, so in the preparation of acrylic coatings, we must pay attention to the synthetic conditions of resins. At present, acrylic coatings are mainly developed in the direction of change in order to prepare better performance varieties.
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5 conclusion
coating formulation design is not only a mixture of various ingredients, but also need to consider a lot of factors, and for different paint factors are also different, designers need to paint varieties, paint environment and use requirements and many other factors to conduct a comprehensive consideration of research, preparation of excellent performance of paint varieties, to meet customer performance and construction requirements. At the same time, the innovation of coatings is mainly based on the innovation of the substitin (i.e. resin), the need to constantly develop new modified resin products, additives, etc., in order to prepare new coating varieties.
, the formulation design of coatings is also a science, requiring designers to constantly study and innovate in order to prepare new varieties in line with the development of the times.
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