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Researchers have traced the last few steps of oats' biological pathway to fight deadly crop diseases
This discovery creates an opportunity for wheat and other grains to fight against soil-borne root diseases in a new way
Further experiments have established a biosynthetic pathway of oat root saponin in the more complex wheat genome to test whether it can provide the same resistance to all diseases and other diseases.
This research from the China-UK Center for Plant and Microbiological Sciences (CEPAMS) is a collaboration between the John Innes Centre and the Chinese Academy of Sciences.
Oat root saponins are antibacterial compounds synthesized in oat roots, which can prevent soil-borne diseases, such as total erosion, in oat roots
Wheat and other grains and gramineous plants do not produce these compounds, but a better understanding of how these compounds are produced in oats will allow crop scientists to acquire the knowledge and technology needed to develop wheat disease-resistant strains using modern technology
Early experiments have identified and cloned 10 avenae root saponin biosynthetic pathway genes found in the oat genome
Here, using genomics-driven methods, the team of Professor Bin Han of the Chinese Academy of Sciences performed sequencing.
They found that genes clustered next to each other in the genome, like beads on a string, and arranged along the chromosomes in roughly the same order as the biosynthetic pathway—like a recipe written in the order of the ingredients
The avenae root saponin gene cluster is located on the oat chromosome 1 very close to the end of the arm
The research team speculates that this may be because genetic mutations in the late avenae root saponin pathway will cause the accumulation of compounds, which will have a negative impact on plant growth, while mutations in the early pathway will affect the plant's growth pathway genes
The direction of these late pathway genes away from the telomere region means that plants are less likely to be affected by toxins
Comparing with the sequenced genomes of other cereals and gramineous plants, it was found that oat protein clusters had formed due to the differentiation of oats from other plant species.
This study provides the latest examples of plant biosynthetic gene clusters for different types of compounds, including drugs
The extent of studying these types of genome organization in the plant kingdom depends on generating new genome sequences for a wider variety of plants
Reference article:
Yan Li, Aymeric Leveau, Qiang Zhao, Qi Feng, Hengyun Lu, Jiashun Miao, Zheyong Xue, Azahara C.
The Chinese Academy of Sciences-UK John Innes Center·Plant and Microbial Science Joint Research Center was established and operated in 2013.
China and the United Kingdom jointly invested in scientific research funds and operated together
.
Its laboratories are located in Shanghai and Beijing, and China and Britain each appoint a person in charge
.