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    Home > Active Ingredient News > Immunology News > Small difference, big impact!

    Small difference, big impact!

    • Last Update: 2021-10-01
    • Source: Internet
    • Author: User
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    We all know that everyone’s fingerprints and DNA are unique
    .

    Therefore, they can be used as powerful indicators to identify the uniqueness of individuals and have been widely used in some fields
    .

    In addition, each of us may also have a completely unique immune system
    .

    In a new study published on "Cell Systems" on September 17, Beijing time, a research team led by Utrecht University in the Netherlands discovered the immune diversity of the population by drawing antibody maps of healthy individuals and patients, namely Everyone has their own unique serological antibody library
    .

    This also explains why some people are more likely to get sick; some people get infected after being vaccinated; and some people recover faster from the disease
    .

    The extreme diversity of this immune response creates new possibilities for the development of personalized treatments and vaccines
    .

    As we all know, the human immune system not only protects us from pathogen infections, but also protects us from cancer and various other diseases
    .

    The immune response in health and disease depends to a large extent on each person’s immune cells, antibodies and other circulating plasma proteins
    .

    The detailed molecular profile of these plasma components is critical to understanding how they affect everyone’s immune response
    .

    Although humans can produce billions of IgG1 variants through recombination and mutation, the diversity of IgG1 clones circulating in plasma cannot be directly characterized to a large extent
    .

    Previously, scientists believed that it was impossible to accurately map the complex mixture of antibodies in the blood
    .

    Now, a research team led by Albert Heck, a biochemist at Utrecht University, has made the impossible possible
    .

    They improved several existing mass spectrometry methods and successfully developed a very sensitive antibody analysis technique that can reveal subtle differences in antibody mixtures
    .

    Researchers have tested this technology in about 100 individuals, including healthy people, patients with sepsis, patients with new coronary pneumonia, and individuals who have been vaccinated against the new coronavirus
    .

    The researchers analyzed the concentration of all antibodies that appeared in the donor’s blood
    .

    They found that there was no overlap between the blood samples of the people surveyed
    .

    The composition and concentration of antibodies in each human body are completely different
    .

    During the illness, the concentration of antibodies also rises and falls in a unique way
    .

    For example, in some patients, the concentration of antibodies against infection fluctuates faster than in others
    .

    The antibodies themselves are also different, and even antibodies against the same pathogen are different at the molecular level
    .

    Heck said: "So far, we have never observed exactly the same antibodies in two different individuals
    .
    It
    is safe to say that everyone's antibody profile is as unique as their DNA, and may even be more unique
    .

    Despite the differences in antibodies They are small, but they can greatly affect the course of the disease
    .

    These differences can explain why some people get sick due to infection, while others do not
    .

    If a person's body produces fewer antibodies against a certain pathogen, or the mutation produced is less effective, it may cause more serious diseases or more attacks
    .

    "The diversity of antibodies can also explain why some people are still infected with diseases that they have been vaccinated against, or even get sick again after having had the same disease before
    .

    This also includes people who have been infected with the new coronavirus again after being vaccinated against the new coronavirus.

    .

    the Heck said: "after infection by vaccination or exposure to the virus, some people may start to produce dozens of different antibodies against the virus
    .

    But these antibodies may mainly target only one variant of the coronavirus; if another one appears, you may be infected again
    .

    In other people, the results may be very different, because they produce different antibodies, or different concentrations, which may be better against other virus variants
    .

    Therefore, such a person is unlikely to get sick because of a new mutant virus
    .

    "The researcher said that the study provides a new opportunity to tailor the best vaccine to an individual’s immune system
    .

    Heck described this study as a dream come true
    .

    He said: "About five years ago, I was thinking that we could Whether to achieve this goal
    .

    Now, thanks to the great efforts of the team, this goal is made possible, and we see that it opens up a lot of new possibilities for prevention and treatment
    .

    ”Link to the paper: https://doi.
    org/10.
    1016/j.
    cels.
    2021.
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