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    Home > Biochemistry News > Biotechnology News > Solve the mystery of cancer metastasis CRISPR technology gives each cancer cell a special "label"

    Solve the mystery of cancer metastasis CRISPR technology gives each cancer cell a special "label"

    • Last Update: 2021-02-11
    • Source: Internet
    • Author: User
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    In a paper published in the journal Science, scientists used CRISPR gene editing techniques to label each cancer cell as unique.
    technology can track the movement of cancer cells in the body at a single-cell resolution.
    it not only provides a clearer picture of the cancer metastasis process, but also discovers the "hot spot" genes that cause the metastasis and the "transit hub" where the cancer metastasis is made.
    researchers say this could open up a new direction in the development of anti-cancer drugs.
    study, researchers imported genes that express Cas9 enzymes into cancer cells and directed them to cut in specific areas of the cancer cell genome.
    As cancer cells continue to divide and multiply, Cas9 enzymes continue to be cut in these designated areas, and the DNA repair mechanisms of cancer cells continue to patch these gaps, introducing a variety of insertion sequences during the patching process.
    these inserted sequences are passed on from generation to generation as the cells divide, becoming a unique "label" carried by each cancer cell.
    , the researchers injected the cancer cells into the lungs of mice to simulate lung cancer, which also carries fluorescent markers.
    days, fluorescent-labeled metastases appear in different tissues of the mouse's body.
    , the researchers dissected these metastasis tumors into single cells and traced their metastasis by sequencing the genomes of single cells.
    because each cancer cell carries a unique "label", the researchers can draw a very fine map of cancer cell evolution.
    found that although the cancer cells transplanted into the lungs of mice came from the same cell line, there was a big difference in transfer potential between cells.
    cancer cells and all their offspring appear in only one tissue, meaning they do not metas metasem, while the offspring of other cancer cells appear in multiple tissues.
    what causes these cancer cells to have different metastasis potentials? Using single-cell RNA sequencing, the researchers compared gene expression maps of cancer cells with different metastasis potentials.
    , they found many genes associated with high metastasis potential cancer cells and low metastasis potential cancer cells.
    expression of genes such as IF127 and REG4 was associated with high metastasis potential.
    and the expression of genes such as KRT17 and RPS4Y1 were associated with low metastasis potential.
    , they can affect the metastasis potential of cancer cells when researchers use CRISPR technology to reduce or increase the level of expression of these genes in another lung cancer cell line.
    that changes in these gene expression levels are not only associated with metastasis potential, but can also affect the physiological processes of cancer cell metastasis.
    's detailed analysis of the cancer cell linee also found specific characteristics of cancer cell metastasis behavior, for example, where researchers found that many metastatic cancer cell metastasis begins by moving from the lungs to a "transit hub" called mediastinal lymphatic tissue, from where they are then transferred to other parts of the body.
    Jonathan S. Weissman, a professor at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) and the University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), one of the study's senior authors, said finding these "transit hubs" is important in the development of cancer therapies.
    if you can focus on anti-cancer therapies in these places, you can delay or prevent cancer metastasis, " he said.
    " Looking ahead, Dr. Weissman says they are not content to observe the movements of cancer cells.
    " Like Newtonian, if you know the speed, position, and different forces applied to a ball, you know where it's going down there.
    , " Dr. Weissman said. "
    we want to be able to build an equation that drives tumor evolution, and any time we can enter detected parameters, we can predict what will happen to them in the future.
    : This article is intended to introduce medical and health research, not treatment options recommended.
    if you need guidance on treatment options, visit a regular hospital.
    reference: s1. Retrieved January 24, 2021, from [2] Quinn et al., (2021). Single-cell lineages reveal the rates, routes, and drivers of metastasis in cancer xenografts. Science, DOI: 10.1126/science.abc1944. [3] Tracking cancer metastasis with CRISPR opens new areas for drug development. Retrieved January 24, 2021, from [4] Quinn et al. (2020). Single-cell lineages reveal the rates, routes, and drivers of metastasis in cancer xenografts. bioRxiv,
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